PHARMA HEPATOTOXIC Flashcards
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Allopurinol
Gout prophylaxis
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Carbamazepine
Antiepileptic
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Chlorpromazine
Antipsychosis
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Diclofenac
NSAID
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Erythromycin
Antimicrobial
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Ibuprofen
NSAID
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Isoniazid
Antituberculosis
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Ketoconazole
Antifungal
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Rifampin
Antituberculosis
HEPATOTOXIC DRUGS
WHAT IS THEIR INDICATION
Phenytoin
Antiepileptic
Renal Toxicity
Assessment:
URINE (color, character, amount) monitor
BUN, CREA level, edema
Cardiotoxicity
effects of drugs that may damage the heart muscles
5-fluorouracil (Adrucil)
Paclitaxel (Taxol)
Anthracyclines
Leukemia drugs
(Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin)
- widely used chemotherapy drugs
derived from certain types of Streptomyces bacteria.
Anthracyclines
- Red Devil
Doxorubicin
Chemotherapy agents that can cause reversible
cardiotoxicity
trastuzumab, bevacizumab, lapatinib, and sunitinib.
AUDITORY TOXICITY
tiny vessels & nerves can be affected by some drug
hearing affectation/disturbance
furosemide
streptomycin
Patients who are infected with strains resistant to
isoniazid and rifampicin, called
multidrug-resistant MDR TB
AUDITORY TOXICITY
assesment
hearing acuity, roomberg test, rinne test
OTOTOXIC DRUGS:
aminoglycoside antibiotics, macrolide antibiotic,
salicylates
chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin
loop diuretics
antimalarials
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
quinine, and acetaminophen
OCCULAR TOXICITY
tiny blood vessels in the retina “END ARTERIES” are
affected, occluded by some drugs
OCCULAR TOXICITY
causes inflammation, retinal
damage, blindness
(Chloroquine) Aralen
OCCULAR TOXICITY
ASSESSMENT:
observe for visual acuity, color or
vision changes, corneal, retinal affectation
PHOTOSENSITIVITY REACTIONS:
Antihistamines
Hydroxychloroquine
Coal Tar and Derivatives
Contraceptives, Oral and Estrogens
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Phenothiazines
Psoralens
Sulfonamides
Sulfonylureas
Thiazide Diuretics
Tetracyclines
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Hypoglycemia
CAUSE
INTERVENTIKN
OHA, Insulin
Intervention: Give hyperglycemic agents IV or Oral to
prevent injury and falls
HypERglycemia
CAUSE
INTERVENTIKN
Ephedrine
Insulin
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHA)
Hypokalemia
Intervention:
K rich diet (K supplements prevent injury or
falls)
Hyperkalemia
Monitor patient status (CV, LOC,
Homeostasis)
diet modification,
K wasting drug
regimens/protocols,
monitor lab exams
Potassium-sparing diuretics:
Amiloride (Midamor)
Eplerenone (Inspra)
Spironolactone (Aldactone, Carospir)
K WASTING:
tend to deplete potassium levels
loop diuretics - bumetanide (Bumex) & furosemide
(Lasix)
Thiazide diuretics - chlorothiazide (Diuril)
chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydroDiuril, Microzide)
DRUG INTERACTIONS
Primary
direct intended effects
Secondary
different effect that isnt the main job
Hypersensiticuty
body overreacts to a medicine, like allergy
drugs to cause interactions:
Anticoagulants
Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs)
Anti-Infectives
Antiarrhythmics
Cardiac glycosides
Alcohol
Additive effect
2 drugs with similar actions are taken for a doubled
effect
Iatrogenic Effect
Adverse drug reaction that tends to mimic a pathology
Synergistic Effect
occurs when drugs interact with each other and produce
an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate
actions
Potentiation
drug that has no effect enhances the effect of a 2nd
drug (0 + 1= 2)
Carcinogenic
cancer-causing effects of drugs
Teratogenic
drug hurts a growing fetus
Mutagenic Drugs
causes changes or damages in the DNA which can lead to mutations
(some antiviral and anti-tumor drugs are nucleoside
analogs)
Mutagenic Drugs
example drugs
AZT (azidothymidine)
primary dugs used to treat HIV
infection
benzopyrene- smoke and soot
aflatoxin - produced by Aspergillus flavus; frame
mutagen
acridine dyes - used against herpes virus infections
Carcinogenic Drugs
drugs taken for high blood pressure
valsartan, losartan, irbesartan
stomach acid blocker
ranitidine
smoking cessation drug
varenicline
diabetic drug
metformin
receptor blocker
Angiotensin II
Teratogenic drugs
Antibiotics
tetracycline (Achromycin)
doxycycline (Vibramycin)
streptomycin
Anticoagulant (blood-thinner)
warfarin (Coumadin)
Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs)
PREGNANCY CATEGORY
A
no risk to the fetus; well controlled studies in pregnant
women have no risk to the fetus
PREGNANCY CATEGORY
b
no risk to in humans, animals show risk, but no findings to
human; if no studies to human, animals should be negative
PREGNANCY CATEGORY
C -
risk cannot be ruled out; lacking human studies, animal
studies are either positive for fetal risk or lacking; may be
used during pregnancy benefits vs possible risks
PREGNANCY CATEGORY
D -
positive risk to human fetus; benefits vs risks for the fetus
PREGNANCY CATEGORY
X
- contraindicated in pregnancy, have shown fetal risks
that clearly outweighs any possible benefits to the patient
Agonist
drugs that produce a response
Antagonist -
drugs that block a response
Drug-Food interactions
with empty stomach, drug is faster to be absorbed than
taken with food such as ____
some are with food such as _____
captopril
_salicylates and tetracycline
with dairy products
Nonspecific -
- drugs that affect various sites (cause of side
effect)
Nonselective
- drugs that affects various receptors
Prescription Drugs
“legend drugs”
potentially harmful
prescription contains
name of the drug
dosage
method
times of administration
signature of prescribing person
Nonprescription Drugs
“Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs”
Controlled Substances
the most carefully monitored of all drugs
high potential for abuse
BODY SYSTEM
Central Nervous System (CNS)
positive or negative actions of neural pathways and
centers:
Phenobarbital
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
governs several bodily functions so that drugs that
affect ANS will at the same time affect other systems
functions
Gastrointestinal Tract
acts on muscular & glandular tissues: loperamide
Respiratory System
act on respiratory tract, tissues, cough center,
suppress, relax, liquefy & stimulate depth and rate of
respiration
Urinary System
act on kidney and urinary tract