pharma final exam Flashcards
renal hypertensive drugs
ACEi (inhibits vasocontriction and indirectly inhibits aldosterone sodium retention)
angiotensin receptor blockers
calcium channel blockers
what is the most common hypertension drug in cats
amlodipine (ca blocker)
what are our ACEi
enalapril, benazapril
what do we have to worry about when using ACEis
making renal issues worse. may need to adjust doses in enalapril (renal excretion)
what is the angiotensin receptor blocker? what does it do
telmisartan
blocks the AT1 receptor for AngII that is responsible for vasoconstriction and hypertension
when do we not reach for telmisartan
in severe hypertension. obly approved in mild/moderate cat hypertension.
what drugs can you give with telmisartan
+amlodipine best combo
+enalapril still good combo
how does our calcium channel blocker work
amlodipine
works on vascular smooth muscle in the periphery not the heart. causing small arterioles to dilate.
drug of choice in hypertensive cats
amlodipine (ca blocker)
which hypertensive drug has the greatest reduction in systolic blood pressure
amlodipine
what are our drug classes to treat urinary incontinence
DES
estriol
phenylpropanolamine
what are our three drug classes for urine retention
prazosin
bethanechol
benzodiazepines
when do we reach for DES is urinary incontinent dogs
older females. cheap and easy
why do we worry about DES
it can be absorbed thru the skin and is responsible for repro cancer in humans
what does phenylpropanolamine do
acts on smooth muscle receptors to increase tone
what does an adrenergic agonist do
increases muscle tone
what does an adrenergic antagonist do
relax the urethral muscle. used to treat retention of urine
what is our adrenergic antagonist drug
prazosin
do we use prazosin in blocked cats
no. research shows it makes recurrance of blocks worse
when do we use prazosin
neurogenic, muscle spasm causing urine retention
what does bethanechol do
stimulates cholinergic receptors causing detrusor muscle contraction and sphincter relaxation for urine retnetion
how is bethanechol given
PO SQ. not given IM or IV due to severe rxn
when do we use our benzos
for muscle relaxation and sedation in animals often in removal of blocked cats.
OTC drug that humans may try to give dogs and cats for a UTI. TOXIC
phenazopyridine
what drugs reach good concentrations in the urinary tract compared to the plasma
B lactam
name the big beta lactam drug
penicillin
