final exam uroliths Flashcards
how to diagnose stones
rectal palpation feeling for stones, radiographs (including booty shot), AUS, urine pH
most common type of uroliths in dogs and cats
calcium oxalate and struvite
what uroliths can we not see on rads
cystine, urate, xanthine, tiny struvite
spiculated starshaped uroliths
calcium oxalate dihydrate
looks like peas
urate
purse dogs most often get which urolith
calcium oxalate
EBD get what type of urolith most commonly
urate or cystine
dalmations with uroliths mostly likely have
uroliths
what is the basic treatment for struvite uroliths that are asymptomatic
treat UTI with antibiotics througout dissolution.
acidic environment to dissolve struvites
what do you do with nondissolvable stones that are incidental findings (pet is asymptomatic)
if small: voiding urohydropulsion can be done
if large: leave until issue arises
what crystals can you medically dissolute
struvite, cystine, xanthine
how to treat urethral obstruction
hydropulsion of stone back into bladder then cystotomy,
PU considered in reoccurring cases
how to prevent calcium oxalate uroliths
increase moisture intake, potassium citrate for treatment of acidic urine,
u/d or SO diet
prevention of struvite uroliths
prevent UTIs
SO or c/d
prevention of urate uroliths
genetic component and link to PSS.
HA, UC, u/d
cystine urolith prevention
inherited. rare. neuter? limit protein intake
if alkaline urine bacti and see stones on rads what are we thinking
struvites
what is the difference in struvite uroliths in dogs and cats
cats most commonly have sterile struvite uroliths. can be from alkaline urine from low protein diets.
management of struvite uroliths in cats
diets for dissolution: s/d, SO
follow up rads 3weeks post to see if shrunk.
what Chem abnormalities can you expect with a blocked cat
hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, acidosis, hypothermia
what is the order for a blocked cat eval/removal
survey rads, anesthesia, urethral massage, retrograde flushing, cystocentesis if needed.
steps to retrograde flushing a feline
drain bladder, pass catheter until is stops at the blockage, occlude urethra with fingers, flush, dislodge, then place long catheter.
most common cause of urethral obstruction in male dogs? in bitches
male dogs: stones
female dogs: urethral neoplasia
what is the recommended technique in dogs to clear a urethra of uroliths
retrograde urohydropulsion with urethral occlusion.
this involves using an assistant to occlude the urethra from the rectum.