hematuria, pollakiuria, stranguria Flashcards
castrated males with enlarged prostate
neoplasia is high on list
most frequent prostatic neoplasia
adenocarcinoma
prostatic neoplasia is/is not hormonally independent
is hormonally independent
radiographic changes that support prostatic neoplasia
mineralization of prostate, LN enlargement, abnormal borders of prostate, irregular enlargement
treatment of prostatic neoplasia
NSAIDS +- chemo
+- radiation but may not be helpful?
most common urinary bladder tumor in dogs and cats
transitional cell TCC
what is the poster child of TCC and BPH
scottish terriers
clinical signs of TCC
recurrent UTI, LUT signs, rectal mass
steps to diagnose TCC
PE, CBC, Chem, UA
ultrasound
+- rads to look for metastasis
+- cytology
confirming diagnosis of TCC
traumatic cath, BRAF, or cystoscopic biopsy
symmetrically enlarged prostate in an intact male dog. number one ddx
benign prostatic hyperplasia
what breed is overly represented in BPH
scottish terriers
CS of BPH
hematuria, nonpainful prostate enlargement in intact males, dysuria, difficulty defecating, infertility
first treatment choice in BPH
second choice
castration
if owner declines: finasteride
three major causes of lower urinary tract clinical signs
UTI
uroliths
neoplasia
cat with lower urinary signs should have what at the top of their DDX
FIC. check sterility to help confirm. hematuria
first line treatments for UTI
amoxicillin 3-5 days
TMS 3 days
first line treatment for recurrent uti
cultures. longer treatment 7-14 days
signs of UUT (pyelonephritis)
LUT + fever, lethargy, pu/pd, azotemia, dilation of the renal pelvis AUS
first line treatment for pyelonephritis
fluoroquinolones 10=14 days
what should you do for every intact male diagnosed with a bacterial cystitis
look for bacterial prostatitis through rectal palpation looking for pain
treatment for bacterial prostatitis
drain abscess, fluoroquinolones, longer treatments
what does castration prevent
bacterial prostatitis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia
cat with LUT signs, blood but no bacti in UA
feline idiopathic cystitis until proven otherwise
what does FIC cause? how?
frequent painful blood urination
through activation of the central stress response system
first step in working up a urinary incontinence patient
decide if the issue is a storage issue or an issue with voiding the urine
what are your steps to diagnose cause of urinary incontinence
rectal exam, neuro exam, bladder palpation post voiding, urinanalysis always
what is the most common type of urinary incontinence in spayed female large breed dogs
urethral sphincter mechanism incompletence
how do you diagnose USMI
history, PE with small bladder, response to treatment
treatment options for USMI
PPA (prion)
or Estriol +- proin if it sorta worked
when do we look to do a cystoscopy for urinary incontinent patients
if medical therapies arent working
in male dogs to avoid testosterone supplementation
when should the first spay or neuter occur
after the first estrus cycle
most common cause of incontinence in juvenile female dogs
ectopic ureters
how to diagnose EU
ultrasound,cystoscopy
dog has nonvoiding urinary incontinence, what is our first step
survey rads to look for mass, stones
what is the treatment for functional obstructions
rule out mechanical then give sphincter relaxer- tamsulosin/ prazosin +- diazepam which is external sphincter relaxer
drug to increase bladder contractility in atony
bethanechol
