PHARMA-ANESTH Flashcards
IF ARACHIDONIC ACID ENTERED THE CYCLOOXYGENASE PATHWAY, THE FOLLOWING BYPRODUCTS MAY BE PRODUCED, EXCEPT ONE. WHICH IS IT?
LEUKOTRIENES
WHAT IS A SIDE EFFECT OF NITROUS OXIDE TOXICITY?
MYELONEUROPATHY
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF CHANNEL BLOCKERS?
VERAPAMIL, NIFEDIPINE, AND DITIAZEM
THIS DRUG IS BANNED DUE TO METHEMOGLOBIENMIA SIDE EFFECT?
PHENACETIN
CLINDAMYCIN IS AN ANTIBIOTIC WHICH INHIBITS THE 50s RIBOSOMAL UNIT. HOWEVER, RECENT STUDIES FOUND OUT THAT THE ANTIBIOTIC ALSO ENHANCES ____ PROCESS BY WBC.
PHAGOCYTOSIS
SECONAL IS USED FOR WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
INSOMIA
WHICH DRUG SHOULDN’T BE GIVEN TO PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA?
PROPRANOLOL
SIMVASTATIN IS CLASSIFIED AS WHAT KIND OF DRUG?
ANTILIPID DRUG
A VERY IMPORTANT ENZYME THAT METABOLIZES AMIDE TYPE OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS
CP450
BEST USED WHEN DOING EXTRACTIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE?
PROCAINE
TERMINATION OF NITROUS OXIDE ADMINISTRATION, INHILATION OF 100% OXYGEN IS RECOMMENDED. THIS PROCESS WILL PREVENT _____?
DIFFUSION HYPOXIA
PRICKLING, TINGLING, AND NUMBNESS ARE CLASSIC SIGNS OF _____________
PARESTHESIA
IT REFERS TO THE PH OF A MEDIUM AT WHICH THE SUBSTANCES IS AT 50% IONIZED FORM AND 50% UNIONIZED FORM
pKa
DRUGS THAT ARE KNOWN TO POSSESS CROSS ALLERGENICITY TO PENICILLINS
CEPHALOSPORINS
DRUG THAT MAY DECREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLINDAMYCIN?
MACROLIDES
DIFFERENT GENERAL ANESTHETICS INHILATION AGENTS
SEVOFLURANE
DESFLURANE
NITROUS OXIDE
ISOFLURANE
TREATMENT FOR MOTION SICKNESS
BONAMINE
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE (BACTRIM) IS A COMBINATION OF?
TRIMETHOPRIN AND SULFAMETHOXAZOLE
WHICH ANDRENERGIC-RECEPTOR AGONIST IS USED FOR PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA?
BETA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NITRATES WHICH ALLOWS THEM TO TREAT ANGINA PECTORIS
VASODILATOR
MANDIBULAR BLOCKING TECHNIQUE THAT IS USED FOR PATIENTS WITH LIMITED MOUTH OPENING
AKINOSI-VAZIRANI
SULFONYLUREAS, BIGUANIDES AND THIAZOLIDINEDIONES ARE USED FOR____________?
DIABETES MELLITUS
THERE IS A PRECAUTION TO GIVE THIS KIND OF DRUG FOR PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA BECAUSE THEY MAY INDUCE BRONCHOSPASAM
MEFENAMIC ACID
3 EXAMPLES OF ANTIFUGAL AGENTS
NYSTATIN, KETOCONOZOLE, ECONAZOLE
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF NSAIDs ARE _____________
THEY INHIBIT THE ACTION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWINF CONDITIONS IS TREATED BY METHYLPHENIDATE (RITALIN)?
ADHD
EXAMPLES OF XANTHINE STIMULANTS
THEOPHYLLINE
THEOBROMINE
CAFFEINE
NOTE: THOXANTHENE IS NOT XANTHINE STIMULANT
IT IS THE GENERATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN THAT PRIMARILY AFFECTS GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
1ST
FOR AND ADULT PATIENT THE MAXIMUM DOSE OF LIDOCAINE WITH EPINEPHRINE IS _____ AND THE TOTAL DAILY DOSE MUST NOT GO BEYOND _____
7MG/KG AND 500 MG
IT IS RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM EPINEPHRINE CONCENTRATION ( FOR A 2CC CARTRIADGE) THAT CAN BE GIVEN TO PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1:50,000
IS THE GENERATION OF CEPHALOSPORIN THAT PRIMARILY AFFECTS GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA
1ST
A PATIENT WHO IS ALLERGIC TO LIDOCAINE SHOULDN’T BE GIVEN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LOCAL ANESTHETICS?
MEPIVACAINE
A PATIENT WITH STEROID-DEPENDENT ASTHMA WHO IS ALLERGIC TO SODIUM BISULFITE SHOULD BE GIVEN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LOCAL ANESTHETICS?
3% MEPIVACINE
IS A HIGHLY POISONOUS STIMULANT DRUG THAT IS COMMONLY USED AS A PESTICIDE
STYCHNINE
THERAPUTIC INDEX IS COMPUTED BY?
DIVIDING THE MEDIAL LETHAT DOSE OF THE DRUG (IN ANIMALS) TO THE MEDIAN EFFECTIVE DOSE OF THE DRUG (IN ANIMALS)
DETERMINE WHICH SENTENCE IS TRUE AND WHICH IS FALSE.
COCAINE IS THE VERY FIRST LOCAL ANESTHESIA AND IT IS ALSO THE ONLY NATURALLY OCCURING.
COCAINE AND TETRACAINE ARE BOTH VASOCONSTRICTORS.
THE FIRST STATEMENT IS TRUE WHILE THE SECOND ONE IS FALSE.
WHICH IS THE ANESTHETIC OF CHOICE FOR A PATIENT WITH CLINICAL HYPERTHYROIDISM?
3% MEPIVACAINE
IT IS AN ANTIGIBRINOLYTIC AGENT USED FOR PATIENTS WITH COAGULOPATHIES
AMINOCAPROIC ACID
WHICH IS CALSSIFIED AS A 3RD GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN?
DEFOTAXIME
THIS IS THE SAFEST AMIDE LOCAL ANESTHETIC FOR PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC OF RENAL IMPAIRMENTS
articaine
CEFUROXIME, WHICH IS A CEPHALOSPORIN, IS INCLUDED IN WHAT GENERATION?
SECONDS
ALL ARE CLASSIFIED AS BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS.
PENICILLIN
CEPHALOSPORIN
MONOBACTAM
CARBAPENEM
STATUS EPILEPTICUS IS BEST TREATED USING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ANTI-CONVULSANT?
DIAZEPAM
INSTRUCTION TO THE PATIENT WHICH MEANS “RECTALLY”
Pr
ANTIBIOTIC OF CHOICE FOR PATIENTS WITH AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
METRONIDAZOLE
IT REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF MEDICATION TAKEN AT A SPECIFIC TIME
DOSE
PHYSOSTIGMINE AND NEOSTIGMINE ARE CLASSIFIED AS __________-
ANTICHOLINESTERASE
THE MOST COMMONLY USED VASOCONSTRICTOR IS?
ADRENALIN
SIDE EFFECT MOSTLY SEEN FREQUENTLY WITH ADMINISTRATION OF NITROUS OXIDE AND OXYGEN?
NAUSEA
AN ANTIBIOTIC KNOWN TO CAUSE APLASTIC ANEMIA
CHLORAMPHENICOL
ULTRA-SHORT ACTING BARBITURATES ARE COMMONLY USED FOR INDUCTION OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA BECAUSE IT RAPIDLY SKIPS___________ OF GUEDEL’S STAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
2ND STAGE
THIS IS THE MAXIMUM NUMBER IF EPINEOHRINE- CONTAINING CARTRIDGES THAT CAN BE GIVEN FOR CARDIO VASCULARCOMRPOMISED PATIENTS.
2CC OF 1:50,000 EPINEPHRINE
A LOCAL ANESTHESIA THAT IS 4x MORE POTENT THAT LIDOCAINE AND MEPIVACAINE, AND ALSO HAS A LONGER DURATION OF ACTION
BUPIVACAINE
HOW CAN EPINEPHRINE ANTAGONIZE THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLAXIS?
PRODUCES PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OPPOSITE TO HISTAMINE
BUFFERING THE LOCAL ANESTHESIA WITH _____ CAN MINIMIZE THE TYPICAL BURNING SENSATION DURING ADMINISTRATION OF THE LOCAL ANESTHESIA
NaHC03
PRIOR TO CEMENTING ORTHODONTIC MOLAR BANDS. ONE MAY USE THIS DRUG TO REDUCE SALIVATIOON. WHICH OF THESE DRUGS IS IT?
CHLORAL HYDRATE?
PILOCARPINE?
ATROPINE?
PYRIDOSTIGIMINE?
ATROPINE
WHICH IS THE ANESTHETIC OF CHOICE FOR A PATIENT WITH CARIOVASCULAR DISEASE?
3% MEPIVACAINE
THE MOSET COMMON CAUSE OF BACTERIAL RESISTANCE?
TAKING ANTBIOTICS WHEN NOT NEEDED
THIS IS THE MAXIMUM DOSAGE OF EPINEPHRINE THAT CAN BE GIVEN TO PATIENTS THAT HAVE CARIOVASCULAR DISEASE
0.04 MG
ANTIBIOTIC OF CHOICE FOR PATIENT WHO IS NOT ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN AND HAS AN ODONTOGENIC INFECTION.
PENICILLIN
DENTIST ADMINISTER NITROUS OXIDE TO CALM THE CHILD, WHAT ARMAMENTARIUM WAS USED TO COVER THE NOSE OF THE PATIENT?
NASAL HOOD
GENERICS ACT OF 1998
RA 6675
AMONG THE FOLLOWING DRUGS, WHICH IS AN EXAMPLE OF AN NSAID?
MIVACURIUM
TERBUTALINE
TRAMADOL
NAPROXEN
NAPROXEN
ESTER LA ARE MORE COMMONLY ASSOCIATED TO ALLERGIES BECAUSE IT IS METABOLIZED INTO METHYLPARABEN. METHYLPARABEN IS COMMONLY USED AS A BACTERICIDAL AGENT.
WHICH STATEMENTS ARE TRUE.
THE FIRST STATEMENT IS FALSE, THE SECOND IS TRUE
A DRUG THAT INDUCES GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN
WHICH DRUG IS USED FOR XEROSTOMIA
PILOCARPINE
IT IS THE PROTOTYPE OF BETA BLOCKERS
PROPANOLOL
CONTRAINDICATED FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
NITROUS OXIDE
WHICH ANTIBIOTIC IS COMMONLY GIVEN INTRAMUSCULARLY TO TREAT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
BEZATHINE PEN G
IT IS CONSIDERED AS THE SAFEST LOCAL ANESTHESIA, ESPECIALLY FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
LIDOCAINE
IT IS A TYPE OF PAIN PRESENT DUE TO DYSFUNCTION OF THE PERIPHERAL OR THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, EVEN THERE IS ABSENCE OF NOCICEPTOR STIMULUS
NEUROGENIC
DIACETYLMORPHINE IS ALSO KNOWN AS
HEROIN
IN REMOVING MAXILLARY TORUS PALATINUS, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING NERVE BLOCK SHOULD BE DONE?
INCISIVE AND GREATER PALATINE NERVE BLOCK
AMPHETAMINES IS CLASSIFIED AS WHAT KIND OF DRUG?
ANALEPTICS
CRUDE TOUCH, PAIN, AND TEMPERATURE IS PROCESSED IN WHAT PART OF THE BRAIN?
CEREBRAL CORTEX
IT IS THE AMOUNT OF DRUG NECESSARY TO PRODUCE MAXIMUM EFFECT
POTENCY
AMPHETAMINES IS CLASSIFIED AS WHAT KIND OF DRUG?
ANALEPTICS
IT MEANS IMMEDIATELY
STAT
THE COMMON LOCAL ANESTHETICS ASSOCIATED WITH PARESTHESIA ARE _________
ARTICAINE AND PRILOCAINE
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IS SEEN IN PATIENTS GIVEN NITROUS OXIDE AND ISONIAZID. THIS IS DUE TO VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE
BOTH ARE TRUE
LIDOCAINE IS MORE WIDELY USED THAN PROCAINE IN ROUTINE DENTAL PRACTICE BECAUSE LIDOCAINE
CAUSES FEWER ALLERGIC REACTIONS
AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF 4 CARTRIDGES OF 2% LIDOCAINE WITH 1:100,000 EPINEPHRINE IN A 1.8ML. THE PATIENT RECEIVES HOW MANY MG OF EPINEPHRINE?
0.072 MG
MOST ACCEPTED WAY OF TREATING PATIENTS WITH TRISMUS AND ELEVATED BODY TEMPERATURE FROM ACUTE PERICORONITIS OF AN IMPACTED 3RD MOLAR
ANTIBIOTICS
THIS DRUG IS COMMONLY USED FOR PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYRODISM
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA IS A COMMON SIDE EFFECT OF WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DRUGS
ANTISPHYCHOTICS
IT IS A DRUG THAT MAY INCREASE THE RATE OF SALIVATION WHICH IS EFFECTIVE FOR PATIENTS WITH XEROSTOMIA
NEOSTIGMINE
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A DRUG USED FOR AMOEBIASIS
METRONIDAZOLE
HOW MANY MG OF MEPIVACAINE IS FOUND IN 3% MEPIVACAINE SOLUTION WITH VOLUME OF 2.0 CC
60MG
THIS IS A TYPE OF PENICILLIN THAT IS ALSO KNOWN AS ANTI-STAPHYLOCOCCAL PENICILLIN
PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT PENICILLIN
ALL ARE PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION EXCEPT ONE
SUPERSCRIPTION
INSCRIPTION
SUBSCRIPTION
SIGNA
SUPRASCRIPTION
SUPRASCRIPTION
GENERIC NAME OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA BRAND XYLOCAINE
LIDOCAINE
CARIDAC GLYCOSIDES ARE DRUGS THAT INCREASES THE FORCE OF CONTRACTION AND RATE OF CONTRACTION OF THE CARDIAC MYOCYTES. THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE THE DRUG REDUCES THE INTERCELLULAR CALCIUM OF THE CELLS.
WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE
THE FIRST STATEMENT IS TURE AND THE SECOND STATEMENT IS FALSE
OD MEANS
ONCE A DAY
IT REFERES TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE FREQUENCY, AMOUNT AND THE NUMBER OF DOSES TAKEN OVER A PARTICULAR PERIOD OF TIME
DOSAGE
TETRACYCLINE STAINS IS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED IN WHAT AGE GROUP?
<8,
THIS IS AN ANTI-MACROBIAL CONTENT OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS THAT ALSO CAUSES ALLERGIES TO PATIENTS
METHYLPARABEN
AFTER THE FIRST BREATH OF NITROUS OXIDE, IT ONLY TAKES TWENTY SECONDS TO REACH THE BRAIN AND ________ MINUTES AFTER IT WILL INHIBIT PAIN RECEPTORS
3 MINUTES
HOW MANY MG OF MEPIVACAINE WILL BE RECEIVED BY THE PATIENT IF YOU GIVE HIM 2 CARTRIDGES OF 3% MEPIVACAINE (1.8ML)
108 MG
A PATIENT WITH TONIC-CLONIC TYPE OF SEIZURE WOULD LIKELY BE TAKING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DRUGS?
PHENOBARBITAL
THIS IS THE ENZYME INHIBITED BY PYRIDOSTIGMINE
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
1ST SENSATION LOST AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF LOCAL ANESTHESIA
PAIN
WHICH IS THE ANESTHETIF OC CHOICE FOR A PATIENT WITH CLINICAL HYPERTHYROIDISM
3% MEPIVACAINE
PARADOXICAL EXCITEMENT IS SEEN IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DRUGS
BENZODIAZEPINES
TERMINOLOGY OF PHARMA; DETERMINE THE FOLLOWING USING THEIR DEFINITION.
-USES, EFFECTS, AND MODE OF ACTION OF A DRUG?
-NATURAL RESOURCES
-EFFECTS OF DRUG AND MECHANISM OF THEIR ACTION
-MOVEMENT OF DRUGS
-DRUM OF HARMMFUL EFFECTS
-DAMAGE TO FETUS IN DEVELOPMENT
-DRUG DOSAGE
PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMOCOGNOSY
PHARMACODYNAMICS
PHARMACOKINETICS
TOXICOLOGY
TERATOLOGY
POSPOLOGY
WHAT IS “ADME”
ABSORTION
DISTRIBUTION
METABOLISM
EXCRETION
-MAIN SITE OF ABSORPTION IN THE BODY
-PRIMARY SOLUBILITY OF DRUG TO BE ABSORBED / FORM OF DRUG THAT IS EASY TO ABSORB
-IT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR METABOLISM
-MAJOR SITE OF EXCRETION
JEJUNUM OF SMALL INTESTINE
LIPID SOLUBLE FORM
LIVER
KIDNEY
-INDUCE VOMITING
-DEPOSITION OF FLUID IN THE STOMACH THEN ASPIRATION OF LITTLE AMOUNTS
-SIMILAR TO LAXATIVE
- 1. LIVER DAMAGE 2. KIDNEY DAMAGE 3. CLEARANCE RATE DECREASES
SYRUP OF IPECAL
GASTRIC LAVAGE
CATHATICS
CUMULATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH ORGAN DAMAGE
DRUG CONTRAINDICATED FOR GLAUCOMA
DIAZEPAM
EXAMPLES OF TERATOGENIC DRUGS
TETRACYCCLINE
PHENYTOIN
THALIDOMIDE
WHAT IS ABSORPTION?
WHAT IS INTRAVENOUS?
WHAT IS INTRADERMAL ROUTE?
-PROCESS OF DRUG UPTAKE FROM THE SITE OF ADMINISTRATION TOWARDS THE BLOODSTREAM
-ROUTE WITH 100% BIOAVAILABILITY
-PRODUCE LEAST AMOUNTS OF DRUG ABSORPTION
-MOST COMMON SITE IV ADMINISTRATION
-MOST COMMON MUSCLE USED IN ADMINISTRATION
-FASTEST ROUTE IF THE TARGET SITE IS THE BRAIN (SEDATION)
-MOST COMMON DRUG AMDINISTERED SUBCUTAENUSLY
ANTECUBITAL REGION
VASTUS LATERALIS
INHALATION
INSULIN
-ROUTE BYPASSES MEMBRANE
-ROUTE BYPASSES ABSORPTION PROCESS
-WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES THAT INFLUENCE ABSORPTION
INTRAVENOUS
INTRAVENOUS IV
-MUST BE WEAK ACIDS (PH OF 6)
OR WEAK BASES (PH OF 8)
-WEAK ACIDS ARE ATTRACTED TO ANOTHER PH LEVEL (6-7.4)
-WEAK BASES ARE ATTRACTED TO ANOTHER PH LEVEL (8-7.4)
-OTHER MUSCLE THAT CAN BE USED IN “IM” ADMINISTRATION
-WHAT IS VERY HYDROPHILIC WATER SOLUBLE
-WHAT IS VERY VERY HYDROPHILIC WATER SOLUABLE
-WHAT IS LIPID SOLUABLE
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS AND DELTOID
DRUG SOLUBILITY THAT IS UNABLE TO CROSS THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
SOLUBILITY OF DRUG THAT IS UNABLE TO BE ABSORBED DUE TO INSOLUBILITY IN AQUEOUS FLUID
PRIMARY SOLUBILITY OF DRUG TO BE ABSORBED
GIVE THE TERMS OF LIPID SOLUBLE
GIVE THE TERM OF WATER SOLUBLE FORM
-UNIONIZED FORM
-FAT SOLUBLE FORM
-WATER-INSOLUBLE FORM
-HYDROPHOBIC DRUG FORM
-IONIZED FORM
HYDROPHILIC
FAT- INSOLUBLE
LIPID-SOLUBLE
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION:
WHERE IS THIS ADMINISTERED?
ENTERAL?
PARENTERAL? GIVE THE DEGREE OF EACH ANSWER
ORAL AND RECTAL
INTRAVENOUS IV
35
INTRAMASCULAR IM
90
INTRDERMAL ID
0 TO 15
SUBCUTANEOUS
45
AMOUNT OF DRUG THAT REACHES THE CIRCULAROTY SYSTEM AFTER ADMINISTRATION
BIO AVAILABILITY
BIOAVAILABILITY IS INFLUENCED BY?
ABILITY OF DRUG TO MOVE FROM CIRCULATORY SYSTEM INTO THEIR TARGET SITES
DRUG SOLUBILITY
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
FIRST-PASS EFFECT
DISTRIBUTION
FREE FLOATING DRUG IN THE PLASMA FLUID
ATTACHED TO PLASMA PROTEINS / BOUNDED TO ALBUMIN
FREE IONIZED DRUG
BOUND DRUG
2 COMMON PROTEIN WHERE THE DRUG ATTACHES TO (BIND)
ALBUMIN
ALPHA 1 ACID GLYCOPROTEIN
-TENDENCY OF A SUBSTANCE TO SEPARATE OR DISSOCIATE FROM ITS BINDING
-TEMPORARY STORAGE OF DRUGS
-DRUG CAN METABOLIZE IN SEVERAL PARTS OF THE BODY
DISSOCIATION CONSTANT (KD)
BLOOD PLASMA
FAT ADIPOCYTES
-PRIMARY ORGAN RESPONSIBLE FOR DRUG METABOLISM
-MOST IMPORTANT MICROSOMAL ENZYME OF LIVER
LIVER
CYTOCHROME P450
WHAT ARE THE LIVER FUNCTIONS
CONVERTS LIPID SOLUABLE DRUGS TO LIPID INSOLUABLE DRUGS
CONVERTS ACTIVE DRUG TO INACTIVE FORM
CONVERTS PRODRUG TO ACTIVE FORM
EXAMPLES OF PRODRUGS
DRUGS METABOLIZED BY THE LIVER
DRUG METABOLIZED BY PLASMA
ASPIRIN
CODEINE
LEVODOPIN
LEVOTHYROXINE
ALCOHOL
MOST DRUG / AMIDE
ESTER SUCCINYLCHOLINE
-EZNYME USED BY PLASMA
-MOST COMMON TOPICAL ANESTHESIA
PLASMA PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE
BENZOCAINE
WHAT IS EPAL?
AMIDE BUT BOTH METABOLIZED IN BOTH LIVER AND PLASMA
“LA” USED IF ALLERGIC TO BOTH ESTER AND AMIDE
ESTER-PLASMA-AMIDE-LIVER
ARTICAINE
DIPHENHYDRAMINE (BENADRYL)
PRIMARY USED TO SUCCINYLCHOLINE
DRUG EXCRETED BY THE LUNGS
SUBSTANCES EXCRETED BY THE SUSU (BREAST MILK)
LARYNGOSPASM
NITROUS OXIDE
ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE, COCAINE, NICOTINE
TIME REQUIRED FOR A DRUG TO REDUCE HALF OF ITS INITIAL VALUE
RATE AT WHICH THE ACTIVE DRUG REMOVED A CERTAIN DOSE ELIMINATED PER CERTAIN AMOUNT OF TIME
HALF LIFE (T1/2)
CLEARANCE RATE
WHAT IS ZERO ORDER KINETICS
WHAT IS FIRST ORDER KINETICS
AMOUNT OF DRUG ELIMINATED IS CONSTANT AND IS NOT DEPENDENT ON THE CONCENTRATION OF DRUG IN PLASMA FLUID
AMOUNT OF DRUG ELIMINATED IS DEPENDENT ON THE CONCENTRATION OF DRUG IN PLSAMA FLUID
EFFECTS OF DRUGS AND MECHANISMS OF ACTION
PHARMACODYNAMICS
DOSAGE OF A DRUG NEEDED TO PRODUCE AN EFFECT
POTENCY
MORE DOSE NEEDED___POTENT DRUG
LESS
LESSER DOSE NEEDED____ POTENT DRUG
MORE
EFFECT OF A DRUG
EFFICACY
HIGHER EFFICACY(DRUG)____EFFICATION
MORE/HIGHER
INCREASE DOSE- INCREASE EFFECT UNTIL ___ IS REACHED
MAXIMAL EFFECT
IT REFERS TO HOW WELL THE DRUG CAN BE USED IN REAL WORLD
EFFECTIVENESS
2 TYPES OF DOSE RESPONSE CURVE
GRADED DOSE EFFECT CURVE
QUANTAL DOSE EFFECT CURVE
CURVE THAT DESCRIBE THE DEGREE RESPONSE OF A SINGLE BIOLOGICAL UNIT (CELL OR HUMAN) TO A GUVEN DOSE.
GRADED DOSE EFFECT CURVE
Y-AXIS
X-AXIS
EFFECT
DOSE
CURVE THAT DESCRIBE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INCREASING DRUG DOSAGE AND THE PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION THAT SHOWS THE DRUGS PHARMACOLOGICAL AND LETHAL EFFECTS
QUANTAL DOSE EFFECT CURVE
Y-AXIS
X-AXIS
POPULATION
DOSE
CURVE THAT DETECTS THE “MARGIN OF SAFETY” OF A DRUG BY COMPARING THE THERAPEUTIC DOSE AND TOXIC DOSE.
QUANTAL DOSE EFFECT CURVE
FORMULA OF THERAPEUTIC INDEX
TI=LD50/ED50 (TLE)
RATIO THAT MEASURES THAT RELATIVELY SAFETY OF A DRUG
THERAPEUTIC INDEX
MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE / DOSE THAT MAY POSSIBLY KILL HALF OF POPULATION.
LD50
MEDIAN EFFECTIVE DOSE/DOSE OF DRUG THAT HAS THERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN 50%
ED50
MEDIAL TOXIC DOSE
TD50
HIGHER THERAPEUTIC INDEX THE ___ THE DRUG
SAFER
LOWER THERAPEUTIC INDEX THE ___HARMFUL THE DRUG
MORE
DRUG THAT HAS NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
DIGOXINE
TARGETS OF DRUG ACTION
RECEPTORS
ENZYMES
DRUGS ACTING PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS
DRUG WITH RECEPTORS AS TARGET SITES:
NARCOTIC
CHOLINERGIC DRUGS
RECEPTOR SITE OF NARCOTIC AGENTS
MU
KAPPA
DELTA
DRUGS WITH ENZYMES AS TARGET SITES:
MAO INHIBITOR
ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE OR ANTICHOLINESTERASE
ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE OR ANTICHOLINESTERASE IS USED IN DISEASE CALLED
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (MUSCLE WEKANESS)
-TO IMPROVE MASCULAR CONTRACT.
ABILITY OF DRUG TO BIND ITS TARGET SITE.
AFFINITY
ABILITY OF DRUG TO PRODUCE AN EFFECT AFTER BINDING TO ITS TARGET SITE.
INTRINSIC ACTIVITY
MAXIMAL RESPONSE BY ACTIVATING ALL RECEPTOR SITE.
FULL AGONIST
PRODUCE LESS MAXIMAL RESPONSE EVEN ALL RECEPTOR ARE OCCUPIED.
PARTIAL AGONIST
FULL AND PARTIAL AGONIST
AGONIST
DRUG BINDS TO RECEPTOR SITE BUT IT DOESNT CREATE ANY EFFECTS ON THE RECEPTOR
ANTAGONIST
COMPETES WITH RECEPTORS SITE HERE IN OUR BODY SPECIFICALLY WITH THE MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR
BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS
OLD TERM OF SCOPALAMINE
HYOSCINE BUTYLBROMIDE “BUSCOPAN”
USED TO ABDOMINAL CRAMPS/ FOR HYPERACIDITY
SCOPALAMINE
ANTAGONIST OF NARCOTIC DRUG
NALOXONE OR NALTREXONE
ANTAGONIST OF BENZODIAPZEPINES (DIAZEPAM)
FLUMAZENIL
DRUGS THAT ACTS AS PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL AGENTS
EPINEPHRINE
INSULIN
PART OF THE BODY WHERE DRUGS INTERACT TO PRODUCE THEIR EFFECTS.
RECEPTORS
ACH (ACETYCHOLINE) IS?
AGONIST
ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS IS?
ANTAGONIST
ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS: BELLADONNA ALKALOIDS
SCOPALAMINE
ATROPINE
TYPE OF ANTAGONIST THAT COMPETES WITH RECEPTOR OF AGONIST / RESULT TO DECREASE POTENCY
COMPETITIVE ANTAGONISTS
TYPE OF ANTAGONIST THAT HAS ITS OWN RECEPTORS; DOESNT COMPETE / RESULT DECREASE EFFICACY
NON COMPETITIVE ANTAGONIST
MOST ACCEPTED THEORY
CLARKS “OCCUPATIONAL THEORY”
DRUG EFFECT IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE NUMBER OF RECEPTORS OCCUPIED.
CLARK’S OCCUPATIONAL THEORY
HAS AFFINITY AND INTRINSIC ACTIVITY
FULL AGONIST
HAS AFFINITY BUT NO INTRINSIC ACTIVITY
ANTAGONIST
HAS AFFINITY BUT LESSER INTRINSIC ACTIVITY COMPRED TO AGONIST
PARTIAL AGONIST
DRUG EFFECT ID PROPORTIONAL TO THE RATE AT WHICH THE DRUG AND RECEPTOR COMBINE
PATON’S RATE THEORY
DRUG AS ASSOCIATES QUICKLY AND DISSOCIATES IMMEDIATELY TO THE RECEPTOR.
AGONISTS
DRUG IS ASSOCIATES BUT DISSOCIATES MUCH SLOWER/REASSOCIATION TO THE RECEPTOR IS ALSO SLOWER
ANTAGONIST
DRUG THAT CAN INDUCED SEDATION OR HYPNOSIS
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS ARE DRUG THAT USED FOR:
SEDATION
HYPNOSIS
MUSCLES RELAXATION
DRUG THAT HAS ANTI-ANXIETY EFFECT/CALMING EFFECT
SEDATION
INDUCE DROWSINESS/ENCOURAGE SLEEP MUSCLE RELAXATION
HYPNOSIS
FEELING ASLEEP; LOSS OF ANXIETY
SEDATION
TYPE OF SEDATION THAT AWAKE AND RELAX
MINIMAL (CONSCIOUS)
TYPE OF SEDATION THAT DEPRESSED CONSCIOUSNESS; PX CAN STILL RESPOND TO EXTERNAL STIMULI
MODERATE
TYPE OF SEDATION THAT DEPRESSED CONSCIOUSNESS; PX RESPONDS TO PAINFUL OR REPEATED STIMULI
DEEP
MEDICALLY INDUCED COMA
GENERAL ANESTHESIA
CLASSIFICATION OF SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS (2)
BARBITURATES AND NON-BARBITURATES
ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF BARBITURATES THAT PRODUCES SEDATIVE EFFECT
BARBARIC ACID
BARBITURATE USED TO INDUCE GENERAL ANESTHESIA
ULTRA SHORT ACTING
VERY SHORT DURATION OF ACTION
FAST INDUCTION BECAUSE LIPID SOLUBLE , RAPID RECOVERY
ULTRA SHORT ACTING
DRUGS OF ULTRA SHORT ACTING
THIOPENTAL AND METHOHEXITAL
SHORT ACTING (SPENT)
SECOBARBITAL AND PENTOBARBITAL
INTERMEDIATE ACTING (AMBUT)
AMOBARBITAL AND BUTABARBITAL
LONG ACTING
PHENOBARBITAL MEPHOBARBITAL AND PRIMIDONE
TYPE OF BARBITURATES THAT USED FOR INSOMNIA
SHORT & INTERMEDIATE ACTING
TYPE OF BARBITURATE USED FOR EPILEPTIC SEIZURE
LONG ACTING
END OF STAGE 1 AND START OF STAGE 2 OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT
STAGE OF AMNESIA AND ANALGESIA
STAGE 1
CANNOT CREATE NEW MEMORIES
ANTEROGRADE
LOST OF OLD/PAST MEMORIES
RETROGRADE
UNSTABLE STAGE OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
STAGE 2
DRUG THAT MAINTAIN THE DOSE OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
LONG ACTING BARBITURATES
THIS STAGE WANT TO SKIP OF ANESTHESIOLOGIST
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
SURGICAL STAGE
RAPID DISTRIBUTION FROM BRAIN TO OTHER TISSUE
STAGE 4
STAGE 2
DELIRIUM AND EXCITEMENT
CALLED DESIRABLE STAGE MAINTAIN DOSE/STABLE STAGE
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
MEDULLARY PARALYSIS AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
STAGE 1-4 OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA BY?
GUEDEL’S STAGE OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS THAT NO BARBARIC ACID
NON-BARBITURATES
COMMONLY USED “NON-BARBITURATE” IN PX.
CHLORAL HYDRATE
REGULATES SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE IN SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS CAN AFFECT?
RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM (RAS)
COMMON SEDATIVE DRUG USED IN PEDIATRIC
CHLORAL HYDRATE
NON-BARBITURATE FOR INSOMNIA
FLUMAZEPAM
COMMON SEDATIVE DRUG USED IN DENTISTRY
MIDAZOLAM (BENZODIAZEPINES)
ANXIOLYTIC DRUG
BUSPIRONE
USED AS LOCAL ANESTHESIA WHEN PATIENT IS ALLERGIC BOTH ESTER AND AMIDE
DIPHENHYDRAMINE
NON-BARBITURATE FOUND IN ALCOHOL
ETHANOL
DRUG USED FOR INSOMNIA (NON-BARBITURATE)
RAMELTEON
ESZOPICLONE
ZOLPIDEM
ZALEPLON
ANXIOLYTIC SEDATIVE EFFECT BUT THE PRIMARY IS ALSO AN ANTI-HISTAMINE
DIPHENHYDRAMINE
MOST COMMON INHIBITORY NEUROTRANSMITTER
GABA RECEPTOR
SEDATIVE VS GABA
SEDATIVE ENHANCES GABA
DRUG COMPONENTS OF LETHAL INJECTION
THIOPENTAL
PANCURONIUM BROMIDE
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS DRUG USED:
SEDATION
INDUCTION OF G.A
INSOMNIA
ANTI-SEIZURE AND ANTI-ANXIETY
3 SLEEP AROUSAL STATE
AWAKE
ASLEEP
DREAMING
ADVERSE EFFECT OF SEDATIVE HYPNOTIC
DRUG DEPENDENCE
STIMULATES PORPHYRIN PRODUCTION
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
COMA
ANY DRUG AFFECT CNS THEY CAUSED ADDICTION. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
RED-ELEVATED PPORPHYRIN
PORPHYRISM
LEAD TO DEATH
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
DRUG INTERACTION OF SEDATIVE HYPNOTIC
*INCREASE OF LIVER MICROSOMAL ENZYME
*INCREASE ACTIVITY OF COUMARIN-RELATED AGENTS
*PRECAUTION TO COMBINE WITH OTHER CNS DEPRESSANT
CNS DEPRESSANT DRUGS (SNAB)
SEDATIVE
NARCOTIC
ALCOHOL
BENZODIAZEPINES
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS DRUG PRECAUTION TO COMBINE WITH OTHER CNS DEPRESSANT BECAUSE?
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
1+1+=>2
SYNERGISTIC
1+1=2
ADDITIVE
1+1=0
ANTAGONIST
1+0=2
POTENTIATION
SEDATIVE HYPNOTICS PRODUCE ANALGESIA. TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE, BECAUSE IT IS NOT PRODUCE ANALGESIA. IT PRODUS DRUG DEPENDENCE
ANTICONVULSANTS IS AKA:
ANTISEIZURE,ANXIOLYTIC,ANTI-ANXIETY,MINOR TRANQUILIZERS
PRIMARY USE OF ANTICONVULSANT DRUG
ANTI-EPILEPTIC OR ANTI-SEIZURE,ANTI-ANXIETY
TYPES OF SEIZURE (2)
PARTIAL SEIZURE
GENERALIZED SEIZURE
ABNORMAL ACTIVITY IN JUST ONE PART OF BRAIN
PARTIAL SEIZURE
ABNORMAL ACTIVITY IN ALL PART OF BRAIN
GENERALIZED SEIZURE
AKA PETITMAL SEIZURE/ BLANKING OUT
ABSENCE SEIZURE
ABSENCE OF MOVEMENT FOR FEW SECONDS
ABSENCE SEIZURES
AWAKE; SHOCK-LIKE JERKS OF A SINGLE OR GROUP OF MUSCLEM(MUSCLES ARE JERKINGS)
MYOCLONIC
“DROP SEIZURE”
ATONIC SEIZURE
ABSENCE OF MUSCLE TONE; AWAKE; MUSCLE RELAXATION FOR FEW SECONDS TO FEW MIN.
ATONIC SEIZURE
MOST COMMON TYPE OF GENERALIZED SIZURE
TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE
“GRANDMAL SEIZURE”
TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE
STIFFED MUSCLES INITIALLY (MUSCLES STIFFNESS+JERKING MOVEMENTS)
TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE
REPEATED GRANDMAL
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
DOC FOR TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE & STATUS EPILEPTICUS
DIAZEPAM (BENZODIAPINES)
PHENYTOIN
SEVERE TYPE OF TONIC CLONIC SEIZURE
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
COMMON DRUGS ANTI-SEIZURE
BENZODIAPINES
PHENYTOIN
CARBAMAZEPINES
VALPORIC ACID
BARBITURATES
CHEMICAL NAME OF PHENYTOIN
DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN
BRAND NAME OF PHENYTOIN
DILANTIN SODIUM
DRUG ASSOCIATED WITH GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA
PHENYTOIN
CYCLOSPORINE
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER DRUG DRUGS:
NIFEDIPINE
AMLODIPINE
VERAPAMIL
BRAND NAME OF CARBAMAZEPINE
TEGRETOL
DOC FOR TIC DOULOUREUX (PAINFUL SPAMS)
CARBAMAZEPINE
DOC FOR TRIGEMMINAL NEURALGIA
CARBAMAZEPINE
LOCAL ANESTHESIA USED FOR TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
BUPIVACAINE
MAINLY “SEDATIVE HYPNOTIC”
BARBITURATES (LEAST)
MECHANISMS ACTION OF ANTI-SEIZURE DRUG
ACTIVATES GABA RECEPTOR
INCREASE INHIBITION OF THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF CNS(NEUROTRANSMITTER)
DRUG USES OF ANTICONVULSANT OR ANTI-SEIZURE
ANTI-ANXIETY
INDUCTION OF G.A
INSOMNIA
ANTICONVULSANT USED TO INDUCE GENERAL ANESTHESIA (MOST COMMON)
BENZODIAPZEPINE (MIDAZOLAM)
OTHER ADVERSE EFFECT OF ANTICONVULSANTS
SEVERE SEDATION
PARADOXIMAL EXCITEMENT
ANTI-ANXIETY
DRUG DEPENDENCE
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
INDUCE GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA (PHENYTOIN)
ANTI-SEIZURE + ANTI-ARRYTHMIC DRUG
PHENYTOIN
BENZODIAZEPINES ARE METABOLIZED SLOWLY BY THE:
LIVER
ACTIVE METABOLITE OF BENZODIAZEPINE
DIMETHYLDIAZEPAM
IS SLOWLY AND POORLY ABSORBED IN ROUTE OF IV ADMINISTRATION
DIAZEPAM (ORAL AND IV)
MOST COMMON ADVERSE EFFECT OF ANTICONVULSANT
SEVERE SEDATION
ASSOCIATED WITH BENZODIAZEPINES NITROUS OXIDE “LAUGHING GAS” STAGE OF PHARMACOKINETICS
PARADOXIMAL EXCITEMENT(THAT BY PASS: METABOLISM STAGE)
CNS DEPRESSANT AGENT WHEN COMBINE TO ANTICONVULSANT THEY PRODUCE?
SYNERGISTIC DRUG INTERACTION
DRUG WITH SLIGHT ANTI-CHOLINERGIC EFFECTS (DiTRiBeAM)
DIPHENHYDRAMINE
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT
BENZODIAZEPINE
ANTIPSYCHOTIC
MEPERIDINE
PREACUTION TO GIVE TO A PX WITH GLAUCOMA
DIPHENHYDRAMINE
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT
BENZODIAZEPINE
ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS
MEPERIDINE
ATROPINE & SCOPALAMINE
NARCOTIC AND NON-NARCOTIC
ANALGESIC
GOLD STANDARD OF NARCOTICS
MORPHINE
NARCOTIC DERIVED FROM PLANT
POPPY PLANT (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM)
AKA NARCOTIC THAT ON OPIOIDS RECEPTOR (3O’S)
OPIOIDS
OPIUM
OPIATES
3 RECEPTOR OF NARCOTIC RECEPTOR
MU
KAPPA
DELTA
DRUGS WITH MORPHINE-LIKE PROPERTIES THAT ACT IN CNS
MORPHINE
MECHANISM ACTION OF NARCOTIC (MU,KAPPA,DELTA) FOUND IN:
- LIMBIC SYSTEM - EMOTION CENTER OF BRAIN
*HIPPOCAMPUS- MEMORY CENTER
*AMYGDALA-RESPONSIBLE FOR FEAR,ANGER,AROUSAL (ALMOND SHAPE)
*SUBSTANSTIA NIGRA- DOPAMINE PRODUCTION
*BASAL GANGLIA- VOLUNTARY MOTOR MOVEMENTS - AREA POSTREMA
- SOLITARY NUCLEI
- SUBSTANSTIA GELATINOSA OF ROLANDO
STRUCTURE FOUND IN “MEDULLA OBLONGATA”
AREA POSTREMA
SOLITARY NUCLEI
RESPONSIBLE FOR NAUSEA AND VOMITING
AREA POSTREMA
RESPONSIBLE FOR GAG REFLEX, COUGH REFLEX, BARORECEPTOR, GASTRIC MOTILITY
SOLITARY NUCLEI
NARCOTICS THAT SUPPRESSES COUGH REFLEX
ANTI-TUSSIVE DRUG
EXAMPLE DRUG OF ANTI-TUSSIVE DRUG
DEXTROMETHORPIN (ROBITUSSIN)
HAS ANTI-DIARRHEA EFFECT DRUG TAKEN TO INHIBIT GASTRIC MOTILITY
LOPERAMIDE (DIATABS)
DESCRIBE “GATE” IN GATE CONTROL THEORY
SUBSTANSTIA GELATINOSA OF ROLANDO
MOST ACCEPTED THEORY FOR PAIN
GATE CONTROL THEORY
PAIN STIMULUS IT __ GATE
NON-PAINFUL STIMULUS IT __ GATE
OPEN
CLOSE
GATE CONTROL THEORY PROPOSED BY:
MELZACH & WALL
ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS PRODUCED BY OUR BODY
ENCEPHALINS & ENDORPHINS
NARCOTIC BLOCK PAIN IN THE PNS. TRUE OR FALSE?
FALSE, IT BLOCKS THE CNS ONLY
COMBINATION OF DIPHENOXYLATE AND ATROPINE
LOMOTIL (BISACODYL)
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NARCOTICS
ANALGESIA
SEDATION
EUPHORIA (DYSPHORIA)
ELIMINATES COUGH
DRUG DEPENDENCE
NAUSEA
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
WHAT KIND OF DRUG IS GUAIFENESIN
EXPECTORANT
OVERDOSE OF MORPHINE (CHARACTERISTIC OF MORPHINE TRIAD)
PIN-POINT PUPIL (MIOSIS)
COMA
RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
COMPONENTS OF NEUROLEPTIC ANALGESIA (ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE THAT PUTS PX IN STAGE 1 (AMNESIA&ANALGESIA)
NARCOTIC AGENTS
NEUROLEPTIC AGENTS
NITROUS OXIDE
ALSO CALLED HALLUCINOGEN/ANTI-PSYCHOTIC/MINOR TRANQUILIZER
NEUROLEPTIC AGENTS
INDUCE HALLUCINATIONS (NEUROLEPTIC FRUG)
BUTYROPHENONES (DROPPERIDOL)
DRUG THAT CAUSES DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
KETAMINE
DESCRIBE AS TRANCE-LIKE STATE
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
THE PX LOOKS AWAKE BUT PX IS UNCONSCIOUS
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
TYPE OF NARCOTIC DRUG CONTRAINDICATED TO GLAUCOMA
MEPERIDINE
CONTRAINDICATED TO GLAUCOMA (DiTRIBeAM)
DIPHENHYDRAMINE
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT
BENZODIAZEPINES
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG
MEPERIDINE
* BECAUSE IT HAS A SLIGHT CHOLINERGIC DRUG
DRUG USED FOR SEVERE OROFACIAL PAIN
CODEINE
PRODRUG CONVERTED TO MORPHINE
CODEINE
CODEINE COMMON USED IN DENTAL BECAUSE:
IT HAS LOW DRUG DEPENDENCE
ACETAMINOPHEN IS SIMILAR WITH DRUG IN PH
PARACETAMOL
OTHER TERM OF ACETAMINOPHEN
A-PARAMINOPHENOL OR N-ACETYL PARAMINOPHENOL
OXYCODONE + ACETAMINOPHEN=
TYLOX (SYNERGISTIC EFFECT)
PERCOCET
OXYCODONE
MOLLY
ECSTASY (PARTY DRUG)
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINE AND MEPERIDINE
PARENTERAL (IV)
CODEINE,OXYCODONE,METHADONE ADMINISTERED:
ORALLY
MORE POTENT THAN MORPHINE
FENTANYL
DIACETYLMORPHINE
HEROIN
BIG H
HORSE
BROWN SUGAR
HEROIN
STREET NAME: COCAINE
COKE / CANDY
POOR MAN’S COCAINE
SHABU
CRYSTAL METH
METHAMPETAMINE
DENTAL DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH METHAMPHETAMINE HCL IS:
METH MOUTH
MJ
BLUNT
WEED
MARIJUANA (CANNABIS SATIVA)
DRUG THAT SHOULDN’T BE COMBINED WITH MAO INHIBITORS
MEPERIDINE
MEPERIDINE SHOULD NOT COMBINE TO MAO INHIBITOR BECAUSE
IT WILL PRODUCE HYPERPYREXIA
OTHER DRUGS CONTRAINDICATED FOR MAO INHIBITOR ARE:
SSRI
EPHEDRINE
EPINEPHRINEEE
REVERSAL AGENT FOR NARCOTIC TOXICITY
NALOXONE OR NALTREXONE
DRUGS THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION AND DRUG DEPENDENCE
SEDATIVE SEDATION
NARCOTICS
ALCOHOL
BENZODIAZEPINES
NON-SCHEDULE NARCOTIC NO NEED PRESCRIPTION
TRAMADOL
DRUG WITH DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION (OPIOID/NON-OPIOIDS)
TRAMADOL
PROPOXYPHENE (DARVON)
PENTAZOCAINE (TALWIN)
NARCOTICS (DEPRESSANT) THAT ARE METABOLIZED TO A CNS STIMULANT BY THE LIVER:
MEPERIDINE AND PROPOXYPHENE
COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT OF 2002
RA 9165
GENERAL ACT OF 1988
RA 6678
POSSES THE HIGHEST POTENTIAL FOR USE DISORDER AND MISUES. NO MEDICAL USE
SCHEDULE I
REDUCED POTENTIAL FOR USE DISORDERS THAN SCHEDULE I. AT HIGH RISK FOR BOTH PHYSICAL & PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
SCHEDULE II
LOWER MISUES POTENTIAL THAN I AND II. MAY CAUSE PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE BUT MORE COMMONLY LEAD TO PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
SCHEDULE III
LIMITED RISK OF PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
SCHEDULE IV
LEAST LIKELY OF THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES TO BE MISUSED. LIMITED PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
SCHEDULE V
IMPAIRED CONTROL OVER TAKING THE DRUG
PHYSHIC DEPENDENCE
CONTINUED ADMINISTRATION OF THE DRUG IS REQUIRED TO PREVENT UNPLEASANT WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
REPEATED EXPOSURE TO THE SAME DRUG DOSE LEADS TO DECREASE RESPONSE TO THE DRUG.
TOLERANCE
OPIOID WITHDRAWAL IS NOT LIFE THREATENING. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
MOST COMMON DRUG ASSOCIATED WITH WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS (LIFE THREATENING)
ALCOHOL
SIMILAR TO TOLERANCE BUT MORE ACUTE
TACHYPHYLAXIS
TO INDUCE GENERAL ANESTHESIA ( MEDICALLY INDUCED REVERSIBLE COMA)
SEDATION
AMNESIA
MUSCLE PARALYSIS
ANALGESIA
OVERDOSE OF ANESTHESIA CAN LEAD TO:
DEATH
INHALATIONAL DRUGS USED IN G.A
HALOTHENE (DESFLURANE)
SHORT ACTING HYPNOTIC AGENT
PROPOFOL
*ANALGESIC THAT BLOCK PAIN PRIMARILY IN THE PNS (CNS).
*DOESN’T HAVE CNS DEPRESSANT EFFECT
*DO NOT ACT ON OPIOID RECEPTORS
NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC
NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC DRUG
ACETAMINOPHEN
ASPIRIN
NSAIDS
MECHANISM ACTION OF NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC
DRUG INHIBIT THE ACTIVITY OF CYCLOOXYGENASE (CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITOR)
ENZYME IN OUR BODY RESULTING TO DEACREASE PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCTION
CYCLOOXYGENASE
PROSTHAGLANDINS ARE PRODUCED IN:
CNS - ELEVATE CAUSES FEVER, HEADACHE,PAIN
PNS -INCREASE PROSTHAGLANDIN CAUSES PAIN,INFLAMMATION,GASTRIC PROTECTION
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NON-NARCOTICS
MILD TO MODERATE PAIN
CONTROLS FEVER/ ANTI-PYRETIC
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
BYPRODUCT OF CYCLOOXYGENASE PATHWAY
PROSTAGLANDIN
THROMBOXANE A2
PROSTACYCLIN
ENZYME THAT BREAKDOWN PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER DURING TISSUE DAMAGE
PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
BREAKDOWN OF PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER BY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 RESULT TO PRODUCTION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID
ARACHIDONIC ACID
ONCE ARACHIDONIC ACID ACID GOES TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. IT WILL BIND TO:
LIPOOXYGENASE
ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLIZE BY LIPOOXYGENASE
LEUKOTRIENE
BINDING SITE OF LEUKOTRIENE
LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR
BINDING OF LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR IN LUNGS IT WILL RESULT TO:
BRONCHOCONSTRICTION
DRUG EXAMPLE OF LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR BLOCKER THAT PREVENT ASTHMA
MONTELUKAST
ENZYME IN CNS
COX 2
COX 2 IN CNS CONVERTS:
PROSTHAGLANDINS
PLATELET: BLOOD CLOTTING
THROMBOXANE A2
PROTECTS STOMACH/ INCREASE RENAL BLOOD FLOW
PROSTHAGLANDIN IN COX 2 CNS
COX 2 IN PNS CONVERTS INTO:
PROSTHAGLANDINS: PAIN, INFLAMMATION
PROSTACYCLINS: INFLAMMTION, PAIN
CENTRALLY ACTING NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC
ACETAMINOPHEN
AKA PARACETAMOL / NO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT.
ACETAMINOPHEN
EFFECTS OF ACETAMINOPHEN
ANTI-PYRETIC
ANALGESIC
NO GI IRRITATION
NO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT
PERIPHERALLY ACTING ANALGESIC (EXCEPT:ACETAMINOPHEN)
NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC
INHIBIT COX 1 & COX 2 IN PNS
NSAID
COMMON EFFECT OF NSAID
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
ANALGESIC
ANTIPYRETIC
ANTICOAGULANT
GASTRIC IRRITATION
GERD
NAUSEA
HEPATOTOXIC
NEPHROTOXIC
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF NSAID
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
ANALGESIC
ASPIRIN + NSAID CAN ENHANCE THE EFFECTS OF:
WARFARIN (COUMADIN) AND COUMARIN
NSAID + ANOTHER NSAID CAN CAUSE:
EXACERBATE THEIR TOXIC EFFECT
NSAID + PARACETAMOL
SYNERGISTIC
DRUG EXAMPLE OF NSAID
IBUPROFEN
DICLOFENAC
PIROXICAM
INDOMETHACIN
SULINDAC
NEBUMETONE
OTHER NSAID DRUG
MEFENAMIC DRUG
TOLMETIN
OXAPROZIN
FLURBIPROFEN
KETOPROFEN
NAPHROXEN
DIFLUNISAL
ETOPOLAC
ASPIRIN
COX 2 INHIBITOR
ASPIRIN AKA:
ACETYLSALICYCLIC ACID
INACTIVE “PRODRUG” CONVERTED TO SALICYLATES
ASPIRIN
IT IRREVERSIBLY INHIBIT PLATELET COX 1
ASPIRIN
SIDE EFFECT OF ASPIRIN WHO CHILD HAD VIRAL INFECTION
REYES SYNDROME
SELECTIVELY INHIBIT COX 2
SELECTIVE COX 2 INHIBITOR
EFFECTS OF SELECTIVE COX 2 INHIBITOR
GASTRIC IRRITATION / GI IRRITATION
INCREASE BLEEDING TENDENCY
RENAL DAMAGE
COX 2 INHIBITOR DRUGS:
(-IB)
ETORICOXIB
CELECOXIB
LUMIRACOXIB
VALDECOXIB
ROFECOXIB
DRUGS THAT NOT GIVE TO PATIENT PRIOR TO SURGERY
NSAID (ASPIRIN)
DRUGS THAT ARE HEPATOTOXIC
ACETAMINOPHEN, RIFAMPICIN,TETRACYCLINE
A TOXIC PRODRUG THAT IS CONVERTED TO ACETAMINOPHEN
PHENACETIN
EXCESSIVE DOSES OF THESE TWO DRUG CAN LEAD TO “NARCOTIC-LIKE” ADVERSE EFFECTS.
PENTAZOCINE
PROPOXYPHENE
DRUG INTERACTION OF PNS ACTING AND CNS ACTING NON-NARCOTIC ANALGESIC
SYNERGISTIC
NON-SCHEDULE DRUG: DONT NEED PRESCRIPTION
TRAMADOL
BRAND NAME OF IBUPROFEN
ALAXAN
MEDICOL
MIDOL
GENERIC NAME OF FLANAX
NAPROXEN
TOXIC EFFECT OF COX 2 INHIBITOR
CAN LEAD TO HEART ATTACK OR STROKE OR ANY CARDIAL DISEASE
COX 2 INHIBITOR ARE TAKE MAXIMUM OF:
7DAYS
NSAID THAT REDUCE PAIN,FEVER,INFLAMMATION WITHOUT HAVING GI PROBLEMS
COX 2 INHIBITOR
ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER FUNCTION TEST ABNORMALITIES
DICLOFENAC AND SULINDAC
AN NSAID SAFE FOR PX AT HIGH RISK FOR GI BLEEDING AND NOT SAFE OF HIGH RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR TOXICITY
CELECOXIB
RECOMMENDED FOR PX WITH HIGH RISK FOR GI BLEEDING
CELECOXIB (OR A NON-SELECTIVE NSAID) + OMEPRAZOLE
RECOMMENDED DRUG FOR PX WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY-NONACETYLATED SALICYLATES
MAGNESIUM CHOLINE SALICYLATE
SODIUM SALICYLATE
SALICYL-SALICYLATE
OVERDOSE OF ASPIRIN
SALICYLISM
OLDEST NSAID
ASPIRIN
DRUG USE TO TREAT SALICYLISM
SODIUM BICARBONATE
TOXIC EFFECT OF ASPIRIN
GASTRIC IRRITATION
RENAL DAMAGE
DRUG THAT ARE SIMILAR TO THE ENDOGENOUS GLUCOCORTICOIDS
SYNTHETIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS (CORTICOSTEROID DRUGS)
PRIMARY STRESS GREEN HORMONES
CORTISOL
DRUG WITH SUFFIX OF -SONE AND -LONE
STEROIDAL DRUGS
MECHANISM ACTION OF STEROID
INHIBIT THE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 (ENZYME)
RESULT TO DECREASE ARACHIDONIC ACID
STEROIDAL DRUG
PHARMACOLOGICAL USES OF STEROIDS.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
IMMUNOSUPPRESANT
PREVENT GRAFT REJECTION AND PROSTHETIC REJECTION
TX FOR ADDISON’S DISEASE
TREATMENT FOR ADDISON DISEASE
CORTICOSTEROIDS
WHEN ALLERGIC OCCUR AND ALLERGIC IN EPINEPHRINE DRUG BE GIVEN IS SEVERE ALLERGIES
STEROID OR CORTICOSTEROIDS
DRUG THAT CAN MASK INFECTION
CORTICOSTEROID
MAY CAUSE BONE RADIOLUCENCY
CORTICOSTEROID
RX APPEARANCE OF CORTICOSTEROID
BILATERAL MANDIBULAR RADIOLUCENCY
CHRONIC GLUCOCORTICOID INTAKE “LONG TERM” >2WEEKS MAY LEAD TO:
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
WAITS FOR “ACH” COMING FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND BEFORE SECRETING CORTISOL
ZONA FASCICULATA
RECEIVES “CRH” FROM HYPOTHALAMUS
ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
COMES FROM BASOPHILES OF ANT. PITUITARY GLAND
ACTH
THE ONE CONTROL ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
HYPOTHALAMUS
CONTROLS THE ZONA FASCICULATA
ANT. PITUITARY GLAND
SECRETES CORTISOL
ZONA FASCICULATA
HORMONE SECRETED BY HYPOTHALAMUS THAT CONTROL ANT.PITUITARY GLAND
CRH (CORTICOTROPHIC-RELEASING HORMONE)
STATE WHERE ADRENAL GLAND DO NOT SECRETE “ADEQUATE” GLUCOCORTICOID IN RESPONSE TO STRESS
ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
HIGH DOSE FOR MORE THAN 2WEEKS COMMONLY LEADS TO:
CUSHING’S SYNDROME
MOST PROBLEM OF PATIENT WITH ADDISON’S SYNDROME IS:
THEY CANNOT COPE UP WITH STRESSFUL SITUATION
RULE TO PREDNISONE (<40MG-LOW DOSE)
* IF PX IS IN LOW DOSE (PREDNISONE) NO ANYSIGN OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
MAINTAIN THE DOSE
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS IS AKA:
MAJOR TRANQUILIZER
NEUROLEPTIC AGENTS
HALLUCINOGENS
DRUG THAT USED IN PATIENT WITH MENTAL DISORDER
ANTI-PSYCHOTIC DRUG
DRUG USED TO TREAT PSYCHOSES AND CAN AFFECT MOOD AND MENTAL PROCESS.
ANTI-PSYCHOTIC DRUG
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC (2)
TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
ASSOCIATED WITH EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME
TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (FIRST GENERATION)
COMMON SOURCE (1ST GEN ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG)
PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVES
THIOXANTHENE DERIVATIVES
BUTYROPHENONE DERIVATIVES
PROTOTYPE OF 1ST GEN ANTIPSYCHOTIC
CHLORPROMAZINE
PROTOTYPE OF 2ND GEN
CLOZAPINE
NOT ASSOCIATED WITH EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME
ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS (SECOND GEN)
COMMON ADVERSE EFFECT OF ANITPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
AKATHISIA
PARKINSON’S SYNDROME / DISEASE
ACUTE DYSTONIC REACTION
MOVEMENT DISORDER
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME
ABNORMAL INVOLUNTARY REPEATED BODY MOVEMENTS
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
UNCONTROLLED RESTLESSNESS
AKATHISIA
ROLLING PIN / SLOW MOVEMENT, SHAKING, STIFFNESS, POSTURAL INSTABILITY REDUCED ARMSWING/ DEFICIENT DOPAMINE LEVELS
PARKINSON’S DISEASE
PARKINSON’S SYNDROME
SPASTIC RETROCOLLIS OR TORTICOLLIS
ACUTE DYSTONIC REACTION
TYPES OF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
SCHIZOPHRENIA
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE SYNDROME
CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE DOPSMINE LEVEL/ MOST PROBLEM IS DELUSIONAL
SCHIZOPHRENIA
TX FOR SCHIZOPRENIA
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG
AKA BIPOLAR DISORDER
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE SYNDROME
GREAT EXCITEMENT, EUPHORIA, EXCESSIVE OPTIMISM
MANIC
FEELING OF SADNESS OR LOSS OF INTEREST, ANXIETY, SLEEP DISTURBANCE & DIURNAL VISION
DEPRESSION
FIRST DRUG THAT BECAME EFFECTIVE FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER
LITHIUM ION
OTHER COMMON DRUGS USED IN ANTIPSYCHOTIC:
CARBAMAZEPINE AND VALPROIC ACID
LAMOTRIGINE
CHLORPROMAZINE ,OLANZAPINE, QUETIAPINE
OLANZAPINE + FLUOXETIME
QUETIAPINE
ADVERSE EFFECT (1ST GEN) ANTIPSYCHOTIC
EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME
TARDIVE DYSKINESIA
PARKINSONISM LIKE SYMPTOMS
MOST COMMON TCA (TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT) FOR DEPRESSION
AMITRIPTYLINE
PATIENT PRESENT WITH “TIC”
TOURETTE’S SYNDROME
HABITUAL SPASMODIC MUSCLE COMTRACTION / UTTERING WORDS
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG WITH ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PROPERTIES.
RESERPINE
DRUG USED FOR NEUROLEPTIC ANALGESIA
NARCOTIC
BUTYROPHENONES
NITROUS OXIDE
NERVOUS DISORDER CAHRACTERIZED BY A STATE OF UNEASINESS AND APPREHENSION TYPICALLY WITH PANIC ATTACKS
ANXIETY
ANTI-ANXIETY DRUG
ANXIOLYTIC
DRUG THERAPY FOR ANXIETY
ANTI-ANXIETY (MINOR TRANQUILIZER)
ANTI-DEPRESSANT
MOST COMMON ANTIANXIETY DRUG
DIAZEPAM
OTHER BENZODIAZEPINE USED FOR ANTIANXIETY
CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE
CHLORAZEPATE
DIAZEPAM
PRODUCES SEDATION AND RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
“SNAB”
TYPE OF DEPRESSION DUE TO EXTERNAL STIMULI
EXOGENOUS DEPRESSION
TYPE OF DEPRESSION WHICH DOESN’T INVOVLE EXTERNAL STIMULI
ENDOGENOUS DEPRESSION
DRUGS ARE USED TO TREAT MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
ANTIDEPRESSANT
CHARACTERIZED BY DEPRESSED MOOD MOST OF THE TIME FOR ATLEAST 2 WEEKS AND LOST OF INTEREST OR PLEASURE IN MOST ACTIVITIES
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
(2) HYPOTHESIS ACCEPTED FOR THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE DISEASE
MONOAMINES HYPOTHESIS
NEUROTROPIC HYPOTHESIS
MORE ACCEPTED HYPOTHESIS
MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS
DEPRESSED PX HAVE DECREASE MONOAMINE NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CNS
MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS
CONTROLS OF MOOD
DOPAMINE
NOREPINEPHRINE
SEROTONIN
DEPRESS PX HAVE DECREASE NERVE GROWTH FACTOR
NEUROTROPIC HYPOTHESIS
DRUG EXAMPLES OF ANTIDEPRESSANT
SSRI \SNRI
TCA
MAO INHIBITOR
INCREASE SEROTONIN IN SYNAPSE
SSRI
DRUG PREVENT THE REUPTAKE OF THE SEROTONIN AT THE AXON TERMINAL
SSRI
INCREASE SEROTONIN & NOREPINEHRINE IN SYNAPSE
SNRI
EXAMPLE DRUG OF SNRI
SNRI
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT
COMMON TCA DRUG
AMITRIPTYLINE
TCA DRUGS:
IMAPRAMINE
DESIPRAMINE
AMITRIPTYLINE
PROTRIPTYLINE
DOXEPIN
DRUG INHIBITS THE MONOAMINES OXIDASE
MAO INHIBITORS
EXAMPLE DRUG OF MAO INHIBITOR
FLUOXETINE
MECHANISM ACTION OF ANTI DERPRESSANT
ELEVATES ADRENERGIC NEUROTRANSMITTER “EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER”
TX FOR DEPRESSION WHERE BRAIN IS STIMULATED USING ELECTRICITY
ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY
DRUG CONTRAINDICATED WITH MAO INHIBITOR AND WILL PPRODUCE HYPERPYREXIA
MEPERIDINE
SSRI
EPINEPHRINE
EPHENDRINE
MOST COMMON ABUSED DRUG IN THE WORLD WIDELY USED BY MANKIND
ETHYL ALCOHOL (ETHANOL)
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
EUPHORIA
ATAXIA
INTOXICATION
ACUTE CONSUMPTION
USED FOR ALCOHOLISM / USED FOR ALCOHOLIC PX AND THEY WANT TO WITHDRAW (ANTABUSE DRUG)
DISULFIRAM
ALCOHOL INHIBITS ___HORMONE RESULT TO INCREASE URINE OUTPUT
ANTI-DIURETIC HORMONE
ALCOHOL CAN CAUSE PERMANENT NERVE DAMAGE OR NECROSIS CAN SOMETIMES USED AS TX FOR DISEASE
TIC DOULOUREUX
DRUG ALTER THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC DRUG (ANS)
TWO MAIN BRANCHES AUTONOMIC N.S
PARASYMPATHETIC & SYMPATHETIC
RECEPTOR OF SYMPATHETIC NEURONS.
ADRENIERGIC RECEPTORS
A1 BLOOD VESSELS ONCE IT ACTIVATED WILL LEAD TO:
VASOCONSTRICTION
A2 FOUND BLOOD VESSELS BUT IT HAS OPPOSITE THAT CAUSE:
VASODILATION
B1 FOUND IN CARDIAC (MYOCYTE) ONCE IT ACTIVATED IT:
INCREASE FORCE OF CONTRACTION AND RATE OF CONTRACTION THAT CAUSE ARRHYTHMIA
B2 FOUND IN BRONCHIAL AIRWAY ONCE IT IS ACTIVATED:
ALSO FOUND IN BLOOD VESSELS LEADING TO:
BRONCHODILATION
VASODILATION
DRUG THAT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ACTIVATE THE ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.
ADRENERGIC DRUG
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO ACTION (ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR)
DIRECT ACTING
INDIRECT ACTING
DIRECTLY STIMULATE ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR (ALPHA & BETA)
DIRECT ACTING
IS AN ALPHA 1, BETA 1 & 2 AGONIST
DOPAMINE
BETA 1&2 AGONIST/ GOOD FOR PX WITH ASTHMA
ISOPROTERENOL
MAINLY ALPHA 1&2 AGONIST / USED WHEN PX IS IN LOW BLOOD PRESSURE
NOREPINEPHRINE
NOREPINEPHRIN BINDS TO THESE RECEPTORS
ALPHA&BETA
MOST POTENT ALPHA AGONIST / GOOD FOR ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK (1ST CHOICE FOR REVIVE)
EPINEPHRINE
USED FOR CASES THAT HAVE HYPOTENSION
PHENYLEPHRINE
SELECTIVE ALPHA 1 AGONIST
PHENYLEPHRINE
SELECTIVE APLHA 2 AGONIST (ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE DRUG)
CLONIDINE (CATAPRES)
METHYLDOPA
SELECTIVE ALPHA 1 AND BETA 1 AGONIST
DOBUTAMINE
USED FOR PX HAVE CARDIAC FAILURE
SELECTIVE ALPHA 1 AND BETA 1 AGONIST (DOBUTAMINE)
SELECTIVE BETA 2 AGONIST
ALBUTEROL (SALBUTAMOL) -DOC FOR ASTHMA
TERBUTALINE
STIMULATES RELEASE OF NOREPINEPHRIN FROM ADRENERGIC NEURON
INDIRECT ACTING
DRUG EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT ACTING
TYRAMINE
MEPHENTERMINE
AMPHETAMINE
METHYLPHENIDATE
USED FOR ADHD, NARCOLEPSY
METHYLPHENIDATE
COMMON BRAND OF METHYLPHENIDATE
RITALIN
USED FOR DEPRESSION , OBESITY, ADHD, NARCOLEPSY,
REFORMULATE OF AMPHETAMINE
METHAMPHETAMINE
USED FOR OBESITY
EPHEDRINE
ARE NOT BRONCHODILATOR AND CANNOT REVERSE ACUTE ASTHMA
ALPHA RECEPTOR AGONIST
IT CANNOT REVERSE THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK BECAUSE IT IS MAINLY ALPHA 1&2 AGONIST
NOREPINEPHRINE
DRUGS THAT ANTAGONIZE ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR/IT BLOCK THE RECEPTOR SITE. IT PREVENT THE ACTIVATION OF THE RECEPTORS.
ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKER/ANTAGONIST
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA & ANTI-HYPERCENTIVE
SELECTIVE BETA 2 ADRENERGIC BLOCKER
INTERFERES WITH THE RELEASE AND STORAGE OF NOPEINEPHRINE IN ADRENERGIC NEURONS.
ANDRENERGIC NEURON BLOCKERS
DRUG INCREASE THE BLOOD PRESSURE BEFORE DECREASING THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF PATIENT
ADRENERGIC NEURON BLOCKER
DRUG CAUSES REVERSAL OF SOME EFFECTS OF EPINEPHRINE
ALPHA BLOCKER
NOREPINEPHRINE BINDS TO THE RECEPTORS
ALPHA AND BETAM
MOST POTENT ALPHA AGONIST / GOOD FOR ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
EPINEPHRINE
THE MOST IMPORTANT DRUG OF ALL TIME
THE DRUG OF LOVE. ILOVEYOU BABYYYYY
USED FOR CASES THAT HAVE HYPERTENSION
PHENYLEPHRINE
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG
SELECTIVE ALPHA 2 AGONIST
USED FOR PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC FAILURE
SELECTIVE 1 AND BETA 1 AGONIST
STIMULATES OF NOREPINEPHRINE FROM ADRENERGIC NEURON
INDIRECT ACTING
USED FOR DEPRESSION, OBESITY, ADHD, NARCOLEPSY / REFORMULATE TO AMPHETAMINE
METHAMPHETAMINE (SHABU)
EXAMPLES OF ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
-NON-SELECTIVE ALPHA BLOCKERS (ALPHA 1 AND 2)
-SELECTIVE ALPHA 1
-NON SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKER
NON-SELECTIVE BETA BLOCKERS / BETA 1 AND 2
ANTI-ARRYTHMIA
ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE
NOT BRONCHODILATORS AND CANNOT REVERSE ACUTE ASTHMA
ALPHA-RECEPTOR AGONIST
IT CANNOT REVERSE THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK BECAUSE IT IS MAINLY ALPHA 1, 2 AGONIST
NOREPINEPHRINE
DRUGS THAT ANTAGONIZE ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS
ANDRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS / BLOCKERS
DIVISION OF “ANS” REGULATED MAINLY BY NOREPINEPHRINE / FIGHT OR FLIGHT / STRESS AND MERGENCY SITUATION
SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
NEURONS BEFORE THE BANGLION
PREGANGLIONIC
NEURONS AFTER THE GANGLION
POSTGANGLIONIC
NEURONS RELEASING ACH
CHLOINERGIC NEURONS
WHAT ARE COLINERGIC NEURONS
MOTOR NEURON IN NMJ
ALL PREGANG NEURONS
POSTGANG OR PARASYMPATHETIC
POST GANG OF SWEAT GLANDS
SKELETAL MUSCLE, ALL POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS, CHROMATIN CELLS
NICOTINIC RECEPTORS ARE FOUND
MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS ARE FOUND
ALL EFFECTOR ORGANS OF PARASYMPATHETIC (SWEAT GLANDS)
NEURONS RELEASING NOREPINEPHRINE
ADRENERGIC NEURONS
ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS ARE FOUND IN?
ALL EFFECTOR ORGANDS OF SYMPATHETIC
MOST NUMEROUS ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR SEEN IN THE BLOOD VESSELS
ALPHA 1
ACTIVATES ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR A1 / A2 AND B1 / B2 TYRAMINE & MEPHENTERMINE -
AMPHETAMINES
BRONCHODILATORES USED TO REVERSE (PROPANOLOL + ASTHMA)
THEOPHYLLINE & THEOBROMINE
CAUSES TRANSIENT HYPERTENSION THEN HYPOTENSION
RESERPINE
EXAMPLES OF ACETYLCHOLINE-LIKE DRUGS
BETHANECOL CHLORIDE
CARBOCHOL
PILOCARPINE
MUSCALINIC
NICOTINE
