GENERAL AND ORAL PATHOLOGY, GENERAL AND ORAL MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY AND MICRIOBIO Flashcards
It is the most effective alcohol concentration for disinfection of bacteria -contaminated surfaces
70% isopropyl alcohol
It is the most common malignant tumor of childhood and infancy
Neuronblastomas
Characteristics of fungus.
-Dimorphic
-Septated
-Sporulate
It is a dense, fibrous connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the bone that may serve as attachment site for ligaments or tendons.
Periosteum
The absence of six or more teeth is known as
Oligodontia
Potential carcinogens is most likely to produce free radicals
Ionizing radiation
What layers is thickest in veins?
Tunica adventitia
The class of antibodies first detected in serum after primary immunization
IgM
The ___ differentiates into ameloblasts.
Inner enamel epithelium in the bell stage
Is used as a vaccine against tuberculosis.
BCG vaccine
The cellular organelle responsible for cholesterol and steroidal synthesis is ___.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
It is a prokaryotic organelle that functions similarly to eukaryotic mitochondria.
Mesosome
Yellow granules found on the buccal mucosa or on the lips are probably:
Fordyce spots
Type of hypoxia due to decrease oxygen absorbed by the lungs?
Hypoxemic hypoxia
Which is true about the enamel prisms or enamel rods?
They are oriented perpendicular to the external surface.
Which is true about nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?
-Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of a lot of protein, whereas nephritic syndrome involves the loss of a lot of blood.
-Nephrotic syndrome is more commonly associated with edema than nephritic syndrome.
-Hematuria is eminent in nephritic syndrome.
the capacity to grow in either filamentous or yeast form is termed as ____.
Dimorphism
A cigarette-smoking patient notice a gradual onset of progressive, labored breathing characterized by prolonged, expiratory effort. The most likely diagnosis is:
Pulmonary emphysema
The three types of genetic disorders are:
-Single gene
-Chromosomal
-Multifactorial
Precipitates of salivary glycoproteins that covers the tooth surface.
Pellicle
These are short, newly synthesized DNA sequences that are formed on the lagging template strand during DNA replication.
Okazaki
Soap has antiseptic properties primarily because it can.
Remove microorganism mechanically
Which will determine the number of roots to be formed?
Epithelial diaphragm
Staging of malignancies is of value in determining the ___.
Prognosis
When horse serum is injected intravenously into a rabbit again and again into the skin. 2 or 3 weeks later, necrotizing reaction occurs at the site of the second injection. This is known as:
Arthus phenomenon
What is the correct sequence of zygotic cell cleavage?
Zygote, Blastomere, Morula, Blastula
it is responsible for the solidification of the culture media.
Agar
What is true about the law of specific nerve energies by Johannes muller?
Perception is defined by the pathway over which sensory information is carried.
A patient went to your clinic presenting a thick, white exophytic mass with a cauliflower appearance in the maxillary alveolar tuberosity. History taking reveals that the patient has been chewing betel nut for over 40 years. What is the probable diagnosis of the lesion?
Verrucous carcinoma
Dentin contains how much inorganic content?
70%
The epithelial lining of the inner lip, inner cheeks, floor of the mouth and ventral surface of the tongue.
Non-keratinized squamous epithelium
It refers to the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to diasease, injury, or failure of blood supply.
Necrosis
Primordia of dental pulp is __.
Dental papilla
Advantages of pasteurization ] are:
-It kills bacteria and spores
-it kills 95% of microorganisms
-Tubercle bacili are destroyed
-
Organisms reproducing mainly by spore formation, which elaborate no endotoxin and grow on Sabouraud’s media are:
Fungi
A rare autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves in which antibodies form against nicotinic receptors at the myoneural junction.
Myasthenia gravis
Reticular connective tissues are found in which organs?
Bone marrow and spleen
What is the most probably diagnosis of a lesion that presents as a translucent, bluish, well-rounded, smooth-surfaced bulged that protrudes from one side of the floor of the mouth?
Ranula
Bacteria uses this enzyme to convert plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
Which of the ff. prevents cracking of enamel during mastication
Hunter-Schreger
Component Freund’s adjuvant solution.
-Mineral oil
-Dried mycobacterium
Kind of protozoa.
-Toxoplasma
-Plasmodium
-Entamoeba
Mesophilic organisms are microbes that produce optimal growth at what temperatures?
25 degrees to 40 degrees celsius
The most common cause of secondary hypertension is:
Kidney disease
At what week does the tongue begins to develop?
4th week
In hematology, a “shift to the left” infers an increase in circulating
Immature neutrophils.
The actual cause for Reye’s syndrome is unknown but researchers found a link between the disease and which of the ff. drugs?
Aspirin
Statement regarding eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Eukaryotes have diploid chromosome while prokaryotes have haploid.
Clinical manifestation of striae of retzius or incremental growth lines in enamel.
Imbrication lines of pickerill
Odontogenic keratocyst is derived from which of the ff.
Remnants of dental lamina
It is the main component of dental plaque
Microorganism
Osteoporosis, metastatic calcifications, renal stones, increase serum calcium level are manifestations of:
Hyperparathyroidism
For routine histopathologic examination, the most commonly used fixative for the tissue is ___.
10% formalin
Prolonged antibiotic therapy may predispose an individual to develop an infection due to which microorganism?
Candida
Which is an example of natural passive immunity?
Placental transfer of mother’s antibody
Contract HIV will cause someone to weaken their immune system. A diagnosis of AIDS will be given if the CD4 count will be ___.
<200 cells per cubic millimeter
Biopsy of a smooth, red, protruding lesion at the tip of the tongue reveals a stratified squamous epithelium covering loose, fibrous connective tissue that contains many thin-walled, engorged, vascular spaces. The diagnosis is:
Hemangioma
A type of disease found within the people of a community
Endemic
This is the virus that causes hand-foot-mouth disease
Coxsackie virus
The exocrine glands of mucous membranes predominantly produce which of the ff. types of antibodies?
IgA
The dominant intrahepatic cause of portal hypertension is?
Cirrhosis
Present in eukaryotic cells are:
-Membrane bound organelles
-Membrane bound nucleus
-Linear DNA
Statements about necrosis. Which describes liquefaction necrosis?
It is a kind of necrosis which results to transformation of the tissue into liquids
When sterilizing dental instruments, the best method is by ___.
Autoclave
Triglycerides synthesized in the liver are transported in the blood to the adipocytes in the form of ____.
VLDL
Which alimentary canal tunic has the greatest abundance of lymph nodules?
Submucosa
Functions of bacterial cells wall are:
- Maintains the shape of the cell
-prevents osmotic lysis of the cell
-Protects the internal components of bacteria.
Diseases presents cafe-au-lait spots:
-Jaffe-Lischtenstein
-Von recklinghausen’s disease of the skin
Enamel contains:
96% inorganic material
Aflaatoxins are naturally occuring fungal toxins that are commonly found in:
-Aspergillus
-Diary products
-Nuts
Oxyphilic cells are found in which organs?
Parathyroid gland
Hertwig’s epithelial sheath plays an important role in the development of:
Roots
This is a kind of fungal infection involving airborne spores from bat droppings.
Histoplasmosis
Legionella or legionnaire’s disease is a severe form of pneumonia that is most commonly transmitted through
Aerosols of contaminated water sources
Which promote fluid retention in the interstitial compartment?
-Lymphatic obstruction
-Increased capillary permeability
-Decrease osmotic pressure of the blood
-Increase hydrostatic pressure of the blood.
The most commonly used staining method for studying cells.
Hematoxylin and Eosin
The presence of bluish-red-whitish koplik spots in the oral mucosa is characterized by which diseases?
Measlesm
Hyphae are filaments made up of fungi cells. The 3 types of hypae are septate, aseptate and Pseudohyphae (true or false)
Both statement are true
This is the main class of serum antibodies found in birds, amphibians and reptiles
IgY
Main enzymes found in cerebrospinal fluid
Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase
Vesiculobullous disorders features an autoantibody that localizes in the intercecullar cementing substance of stratified squamous epithelium?
Pemphigus Vulgaris
The metabolic pathway that converts arachidonic acid into prosthaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxanes.
Cyclooxygenase
This is a kind of organism that does not make its own food.
Heterotrophs
-Premeloblast came from inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ.
-Tooth germ layers are derived from ectoderm
-Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath came from cervical loop of the enamel organ
(true or false)
All statement true
It is a type of graft materials that is passed from one person to another person.
Allograft
When a thrombotic embolus originates in a femoral vein, it usually becomes arrested in the
Pulmonary circulation
These cells modulate inflammatory responses and kill parasitic worms and helminths using enzymes
Eosinophils
Bence Jones proteinuria and hyperglobulinemia is characteristics of:
Multiple myeloma
Normal-sized red blood cells with low RBC count
Normocytic Anemia
Treatment for xerostomia
Carboxy methyl cellulose
When using autoclave to sterilize instruments for 15mins. The recommended temperature is:
121 degrees celsius
Endocrine disorders can contribute to secondary hypertension are:
-Cushing syndrome
-Diabetes
-Pheochromocytoma
-Hyperthyroidism
This branchial arch gives rise to the three swellings during tongue development
1st
It is the process by which plasmid is transferred using sex pilus from one organism to another.
Conjugation
It is a kind of microorganism that is unable to replicate on its own.
Virus
Gustatory sweating is the chief symptom in:
Frey syndrome
Oral mucosa ulcerations caused by cancer therapeutic drugs is usually due to:
Neutropenia
Mechanism through which HIV is transmitted
-Needle prick injury
-Blood transmission
-Sexual intercourse
Lymphangioma is most closely related to:
Cystic hygroma
This is the most commonly used agent for chemical sterilization in health care facilities
Ethylene oxide gas
