GENERAL AND ORAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards
Mesial development depression is a characteristics feature of which premolar?
Maxillary 1st
Ketone bodies are formed in which of the following organs of the body?
Liver
The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of the cell membrane of an unstimulated (nonconducting) neuron is called the:
Resting membrane potential
A postmortem examination to discover the cause of death of a person refers to:
Autopsy
Stop Codons are:
-UAA
-UGA
-UAG
The buccopharyngeal membrane is composed of:
Ectoderm and Endoderm
The muscle of mastication which retracts and elevates the mandible.
Temporalis
The incisive foramen is anatomically located in which of the following bone?
Maxilla
Which of the following is derived from the unsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes?
Prosthaglandins
It is a term which refers to the body’s surface.
Superficial
Tissues being supplied by the facial artery are:
-Upper and lower lip
-Nose
-Eyelids
Fan-shaped, dark features appearing in enamel which represent poorly calcified areas and which appear to originate at the DEJ and extend into the enamel for part of its thickness.
Enamel tufts
This is the remnant of the ductus venosus.
Ligamentum venosum
Liver and Gallbladder is found:
Right hypochondriac
This is a tubercle found in the anterior border of the TMJ that resists mandibular displacement.
Articular eminence
Contraction of the cardiac myocytes in the ventricles will lead to:
-Ejection of blood going to the pulmonary artery
-Ejection of blood going to the aorta
-Closure of the atrioventricular valves.
The internal acoustic meatus contains which of structures?
Facial nerve and vestibulocochlear nerve
Stop codons are:
UGA-UAA-UAG
Preload is equivalent to which of the following?
It is equivalent to the rate of venous return.
Remnants of dental lamina and connective tissue contained in the gubernacular canal which are found in successional teeth.
Gubernacular cord
The most important neurotransmitter for learning is:
Glutamate
Thin and thick myofilaments are observed in the masseter muscle in electron microscope. The thick filaments_____.
Are present only in the A band
The compression to breath when doing CPR for adults is:
30:2
The optic canal is found in which structures of the sphenoid bone?
Lesser wing
Amount of air that can be inhaled or exhaled in one respiratory cycle.
Tidal volume
They are considered as the least dense lipoproteins.
Chylomicrons
The low serum phosphate level in hyperparathyroidism is due to:
Increase tubular secretion of phosphate in the renal tubules.
It is a gap that separates the condylar process from the coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are:
-Synthesis of cholesterol
-Synthesis of phospholipids
-Detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to the dodenum are in the___.
Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve
Ligament that completely surrounds the condyle.
Capsular ligament.
A mineral that is a very important constituent of thyroid hormones.
Iodine
Middle meningeal artery asses in which of foramen?
Foramen Spinosum
These are the muscle that make up the anterior and posterior pillars of the fauces.
Anterior (palatoglossus) and posterior (palatopharyngeus)
Apical abscesses on certain teeth have a marked tendency to produce cervical spread of infection which occurs most rapidly in abscess of ____.
Mandibular second and third molars.
This is the meeting point of muscles involved in the motion of the mouth.
Modiolus
The masticatory mucosa is lined by ____.
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Which of the ff. is the correct schematic outline with the corresponding tooth?
All mandibular posterior teeth, rhomboid-distal
When performing one-man E-C clamp technique during CPR, the index and thumb will form a “C” tp ___ then the third, fourth and fifth finger will form and “E” to ___.
Exert a downward pressure on the mask: apply pressure on the mandible and lift it forward.
Among the ff. age groups, who is the most susceptible to cancer?
60 years old and above
Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve will shift to the left by the following are:
-Decrease CO2
-Decrease temperature
-Decrease hydrogen ion.
The bifurcation of the trachea into the primary bronchi which is the carina is at the level of which of the ff. structures?
Between t4 and t5 vertebra.
Normal bleeding time:
2 to 4 minutes.
Opening of the rima glottidis(of vocal cords) is done by which of the ff. muscles?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
It is a technique used in emergency situations to open the airway of a patient whenever there is airway obstruction.
Cricothyrotomy
Which of the ff. eruption sequences is most commonly found in the primary dentition?
Central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine second molar
From which pharyngeal pouches do the parathyroid glands develop?
Third and fourth
Applications of osmosis in cells and humans are:
-Cells that remove water produced during cell respiration
-Kidney cells forming urine
-Large intestines cells that transport water to the blood stream.
It is the ratio of the red blood cells to the total blood volume.
Hematocrit
Absence of normal spleen formation refers to:
Asplenia
After filtration in the nephron tubules, the urea drains into which of the ff. structures?
Minor calyx
Which nerves innervates the lacrimal gland
CN V1
A protein responsible for transporting iron in the body
Transferrin
Substances is filtered but not reabsorb by the kidney tubules?
Inulin
What Bone found on the floor of the orbit.
-Palatine bone
-Maxillary bone
-Zygomatic bone
Heterochromia causes what?
Different color of the iris
Rods and cones of the retina are examples of:
Photoreceptors
It is an attachment site for the falx cerebri
Crista galli.
The tear drop erythrocytes are found in ___.
Pernicious anemia
When lowering the floor of the mouth of a patient, a practitioner detaches all or part of which muscles?
Mylohyoid and genioglossus
One of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery is the __.
Maxillary artery
Nerve supply of temporomandibular joint.
Mandibular nerve
A type of hemoglobin found in patients with alpha-thalassemia
Hemoglobin H
The entire surface of the oral mucosa is lined by ___.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Fontanelles of the fetal skull hardens through the process of:
Intramembranous bone ossification
Functions of the CNS.
Processing sensory information.
A lesion of the facial nerve just after it exits the stylomastoid foramen will result to which of the ff.
An ipsilateral paralysis of the face.
3 fatty acids linked to glycerol is known as ____.
Triglycerides
This is the muscle that pulls the superiorly and posteriorly.
Styloglossus
Listed below are the possible causes of air embolism that may block the heart chamber. Which is usually not associated?
IM injection
Hyperventilation results in:
-Increased PO2
-Hypocapnia
-Decrease cerebral blood flow
-Respiratory alkalosis
Urinary bladder differs from gall bladder in that urinary bladder ___.
Is lined by transitional epithelium and gall bladder is lined by simple columnar epithelium.
Injury to this part of the brain may result to amnesia, behavioral abnormalities, psychosis and emotional problems.
Limbic system
Tricuspid valve is located in between ___.
Right atrium and right ventricle
An embryonic structure which serves as a precursor of the mouth and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Stomatodeum
Study of the masticatory system, including its physiology, functional disturbances and treatment.
Gnathology
Primary organ responsible for the acid-base balance in the body.
Kidney
it is an eye condition associated with loss of elasticity of the lens due to ageing that results to inability to focus on objects near to the eye.
Presbyopia
Supply the TMJ are:
-Inner maxillary artery
-External carotid
-Arteries of the pterygoid muscles
In the general circulation, blood pressure is highest in vena cava, and lowest in the aorta. (true or false)
Both statement are false
A reflex normally seen in infants in which the big toe lifts and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked.
Babinski reflex
Dietary calcium is primarily absorbed from which of the ff. segments of the alimentary canal?
Small intestine
At sea level, following a normal expiration, the alveolar pressure is ___.
760mmHg
Organ with most permeable capillaries
Liver
The ff. statements are false regarding osteoid. Which is a true statement?
It is an uncalcified bone matrix
Blood pressure decreases as blood moves through the systemic circulation. In which vessel does the blood pressure decrease the most as blood travels through the body.
Arterioles
Anatomically, the spleen is in close relation with the
Inferior surface of diaphragm
The non-working condyle performs which of the ff. movements?
Downward, Forward and Medial
It is a tough, outermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord
Dura mater
Ventricular systole and the atrioventricular valves are closed in this phase of cardiac cycle.
Isovolumetric contraction
A hole in a bony structure refers to a ___.
Foramina
Which is a terminal branch of the internal carotid artery?
-Anterior cerebral artery
-Middle cerebral artery
Lower lip, mandibular incisors, floor of the mouth, apex of tongue and chin drain in which of the ff. lymph nodes?
Submental
Muscle cells use which of the ff. to store energy?
Creatinine Phosphate
Ovulation occurs as a result of:
The estrogen-induces LH surge
Best describes the anatomic position.
A person standing upright, with feet flat on the floor, face forward, with hands on the side, palms forward.
When a patient open his mouth, there is an audible click. Which of the ff. represents the most plausible explanation?
The disk and condyle lack functional coordination.
It is a ditch or a concavity
FossaA
Angular cheilitis and glossitis are associated with deficiency of which of the ff. vitamins?
Riboflavin
This is the most common vessel involved in stroke.
Lenticulostriate artery.
Study of the masticatory system, its physiology, functional disturbances, and treatment
Gnathology
This is the outermost skin layer.
Epidermis
This structure pierces the buccinator.
Parotid duct
What structures is a major lymphoid organ.
Bone marrow
A patient comes to the emergency room presenting with jaundice and intense pain in the upper abdomen and between the shoulder blades. The physician suspects choledocholithiasis that is caused by cholesterol stones formed in the organ that stores and concentrates the bile.
Gall bladder
This is the passageway of food to stomach
Esophagus
A technique used in emergency situations to open the airway of a patient whenever there is an airway obstruction.
Cricothyrotomy
Branch of Maxillary Artery
-Deep temporal
-Middle meningeal
-Inferior alveolar
-Posterior superior alveolar
The walls of the blood vessels are composed of 3 layers. What is the outermost layer, with collagen and elastin?
Tunica Adventitia
What is the main prominent feature of duodenum?
Brunner’s gland
OU, OS, OD means:
Both eye , Left eye, Right eye
In a maxillary removable partial denture, a rest is usually placed on the lingual surface of an anterior tooth (usually the canine) to dissipate the occlusal load during function. What is the anterior border of the maxillary denture?
Labial frenum
In the human cell, Where is the site of protein synthesis?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
This pulls the tongue superiorly (elevate) and posteriorly (retract)
Styloglossus
What are the gonads?
Testes and Ovaries
The thoracic duct extends from the upper part of the abdomen to the base of the neck where it ends in the __.
Junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
This retracts and elevates, and inserts into the coronoid process.
Temporalis
What is the lobe of cerebrum for hearing?
Temporal lobe
It is biconcave, no nucleus and responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Erythrocyte
Cranial nerve from the submandibular ganglion has presynaptic parasympathetic neurons?
Facial nerve
Muscles of the neck separate the anterior and posterior triangle?
Sternocleidomastoid
Positioning your hand where the palm is facing forward or upward.
Supine
It is narrow cleft, passage of vessels.
Foramen
The meninges protect the brain and spinal cord and it is composed of 3 layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Where does the middle meningeal artery pass through?
Foramen spinosum
This is the union of internal jugular and subclavian veins.
Brachiocephalic
What is the shape of the bregma?
Diamond
Bilateral contraction of which muscles protrude the mandible.
Lateral pterygoid
The mitral valve is in between the ____.
Left ventricle and left atrium
Branch out within the pterygopalatine fossa:
-Sphenopalatine nerves
-Posterior superior alveolar nerve
-Zygozomatic nerve
The splenic artery is a branch of which main artery?
Celiac
The distal portion of the duodenum receives arterial supply from the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the ____.
Superior mesenteric artery
What bone is not found on the floor of the orbit?
Ethmoid
Where is the popliteal vein located?
Posterior part of the knee
Supply the TMJ:
-Inner maxillary artery
-External carotid
-Arteries of the pterygoid muscles
Small vessels can rupture and this, is the most common vessel involved in stroke.
Lenticulostriate artery
What type of lens correct the defect in focus called hyperopia?
Convex
The lacrimal gland is innervated by
CNV1
The opening of the rima glottidis is done by?
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Fontanelles of the fetal skull hardens through
Intramembranous bone ossification
Cyclic DNA has been found in or associated with which organelles?
MitochondrionTh
This is the organ with most permeable capillaries
Liver
The hepatic triad consists of:
Portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery
Lymph from tip of the tongue and mandibular incisor drains initially into which nodes?
Submental
The lymph from most of the dental and periodontal tissue drains initially into the __.
Submandibular
The pharyngeal plexus innervates the muscles:
-Palatoglossus
-Salpingopharynegus
-Levator veli, palatine
Found in the left hypochondriac region.
Stomach, liver, pancreas
What is the gap that separates the condylar process from the coronoid process?
Mandibular notch
It is a hard tissue covered by periosteum.
Compact bone
The ridge that marks the bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left primary bronchi is the ____.
Carina
What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
Terminal bronchioles and trachea
What is a trochanter?
Large, blunt projection
This is a shallow, wide, groove on the surface of a bone.
Sulcus
Muscles form lateral boundaries of the isthmus of the fauces.
Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
The articulating surfaces of the entire TMJ are covered primarily by ___.
Fibrous or Fibrocartilaginous
In the fetus, the ductus venosus conveys blood from the____.
Umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
What is the inner layer of the zona reticularis?
Cortex of the suprarenal
The secremotor supply of the parotid gland is through the ____.
Otic ganglion
What hormones is secreted by anterior pituitary cells that stain with acidic.
Prolactin
Deoxygenated blood from thee transverse sinus drain into the ____.
Sigmoid sinus
Brachial plexus
C5-T1
A 23 yrs old woman went to your office for an emergency after being hit on the right side of the face with a volleyball. She complained that a certain lower molar feels sensitive. You decide to take a periapical radiograph of her lower molars. Relaxation of which patient’s muscles would aid you in taking the radiograph?
Mylohyoid
During root canal treatment of 46, you decide to do an inferior alveolar nerve block, which ligaments is most likely damaged during administration of the block?
Sphenomandibular
This is considered a primary TMJ ligament.
Temporomandibular
The cricopharyngeus
Prevents swallowing air at the pharyngeal end.
Osteocytes are located in:
Lacunae
This is associated with the secondary immune response
IgG
The pancreas is envelope at its head by the __ part of the duodenum?
1st
Which passes through the diaphragm through the esophageal opening?
Posterior and anterior vagal trunks
The masticatory mucosa is lined by ____.
Keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium
What muscle raises your tongue
Palatoglossus
In the circulatory system, where is blood pressure the lowest?
Veins
What is a cyctoplasmic inclusion?
Glycogen
Anatomically, the incisive foramen is located in which bone?
Maxilla
The connective tissue sheath that surrounds the muscles as a whole and is synonymous with the gross anatomical deep fascia is the ___.
Epimysium
What is the terminal branch of the internal carotid artery?
-Anterior cerebral artery
-Middle cerebral artery
Which has greatest resistance to substances attempting to move between cells?
Zona occludens
True about the angle of Louis?
It is found between the manubrium and the gladiolus
Carpal bone are distally located in:
-Trapezium
-Trapezoid
-Capitate
The growth hormone of the pituitary gland is produced by ____.
Acidophils
In which part of your body is the production of bile?
None
The most important organelle or component of a cell for oxidative process is the ___.
Mitochondria
When a patient attempts to protrusion, the mandible deviates markedly to the right. The muscles that is unable to contract are the?
Right lateral pterygoid
Which is the macula densa?
Distal convoluted tubule
Rotator cuff muscles include the:
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus
Muscles attached to the median pharyngeal raphe?
Superior constrictor
