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DERM > PHARM_MISC > Flashcards

PHARM_MISC Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Name the 2 trichogenic agents

A

minoxidil

finasteride

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2
Q

what are the 2 pigmentation therapies?

A

hydroquinone/Fluocinolone/Tretinoin (makes you lighter)

Methoxsalen (makes you darker)

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3
Q

Name the antitrichogenic agent

A

eflornithine

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4
Q

minoxidil MOA

A

Mechanism for hair re-growth is unknown (may activate the hair follicle directly or stimulate follicular microcirculation, may alter androgen metab.)
-also potent oral vasodilator for hypertension

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5
Q

how would a pt experience systemic effects of minoxidil?

A

skin abrasion or cut will increased systemic absorption

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6
Q

MOA of finastride

A

testosterone analog that blocks 5-alpha-reductase activity and decreased serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

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7
Q

what are 2 indications for finasteride?

A

treats hair loss

treats BPH

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8
Q

what is a notable adverse effect of finasteride?

A

sexual dysfunction, loss of libido, feminization

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9
Q

what is an important contraindication for finasteride?

A

take finasteride w/ saw palmetto (has same MOA)

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10
Q

MOA of eflornithine

A

mechanism related to decreased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) which inhibits a mandatory step in poly amine production–>decreased nucleic acid synth., cell div. & differentiation

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11
Q

what is eflornithine indicated for?

A

topical drug to reduce unwanted female facial hair

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12
Q

where do you apply eflornithine

A

only in facial and chin areas, do not apply around eyes or to mucous membranes

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13
Q

how does eflornithine also have trypanostatic action?

A

used a IV treatment for sleeping sickness

-deprives trypanosomes of ODC and polyamine synth. for a prolonged period

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14
Q

what is the combination of fuocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin used for?

A

temporary relief of facial skin darkening by hormonal changes , pregnancy, OCs, or HRT

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15
Q

what is the function of flocinolone in Tri-Luma?

A

anti-inflammatory corticosteroid

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16
Q

what is the function of hydroquinone in Tri-luma?

A

retinoic acid analog that inhibits melanin formation blocking melanocyte enzymatic oxidation of tyrosine to 3,4-DOPA

17
Q

what is the function of tretinoin in Tri-luma?

A

hydroquinine analog, a melanocyte inhibitor

also modulates skin groth and ipgmentation

18
Q

what is a notable adverse effect of fluocinolone, hydroquinone and tretinoin therapy?

A

increased sensitivity to UV, protection necessary

19
Q

what is methoxsalen used for?

A

its an oral and topical pigmenting agent (makes you darker)
-used for vitiligo, symptomatic relief of psoriasis, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma, alopecia ,inflammatory dermatosies, eczema, and lichen planus

20
Q

what is the MOA of Methoxsalen?

A

activated by exposure to UVA and conjugates and cross-links DNA–> cell death (delayed erythema followed over several wks by increased epidermal melanization and thickening of the stratum corneum)

21
Q

how does methoxsalen work in vitiligo?

A

melanocytes in hair follicle are stimulated to move up the follicle and repopulate the epidermis

22
Q

how does methoxsalen work in T-cell lymphoma (mycoses fungoides)

A

the photodamage causes a decrease in cell proliferation

23
Q

about how long does complete hair loss take in chemotherapy induced alopecia?

A

2-3 onths

24
Q

what is the bulge of hair follicles?

A

origin of future matrix cells and thus hair follicles

25
Q

Is the bulge affected by chemotherapy?

A

no (explains why your hair regrows from the stem cells that are in the bulge)

26
Q

what is the advantage for scalp cooling?

A

some study shows that it has some measurable protection from chemo-therapy induced alopecia

27
Q

what is the disadvantage of scalp cooling?

A

viability of scalp micro-metastases experiencing sub-lethal drug exposure

28
Q

how long should cooling take place?

A

duration of cooling is dictated by serum drug levels which vary (according to diminished renal or hepatic clearance)

DERM (11 decks)

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