ANTIVIRALS Flashcards
name the drugs that fit this MOA:
competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase; competes w/ deoxyguanosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA
Acyclovir Famciclovir Ganciclovir (has 3' OH group and further DNA synthesis is possible) Valacyclovir Valganciclovir
MOA of cidofovir
competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase; competes w/ deoxycytosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA
MOA Foscarnet
selectively inhibits the viral-specific DNA polymerases and reverse trancriptases at pyrophosphate-binding site; blocks chain elongation
whats unique about ganciclovir’s MOA
has 3’ OH group so further DNA synthesis is possible
which 2 drugs don’t need intracellular kinase-dependent phosphorylation for activity?
cidofovir
foscarrnet
(means they still work if there regardless of whether that strain makes a kinase or not)
whats unique about famciclovir and its adverse effects?
least problematic and well tolerated
what are the adverse effects of acyclovir and valacyclovir?
neurotoxicity including seizures
what are the adverse effects of cidofovir?
nephrotoxicity (monitor creatinine and urinary protein; probenecid hypersensitivity)
what are the adverse effects of foscarnet?
electrolyte imbalance, chelates Ca2+ ions
what are the adverse effects of ganciclovir and Valganciclovir?
anemia leukopenia neutropenia pancytopenia thrombocytopenia teratogen
how are the antivirals metabolized/eliminated?
little metabolism w/ renal elimination, dose adjustment in renal dysfunction or renal failure may occur
which drugs exhibit cross hypersensitivity?
acyclovir famciclovir ganciclovir valacyclovir valganciclovir
which antiviral treats the pox family virus?
cidofovir
which drug treats the HHV7 virus?
cidofovir
which antiviral is used against HHV8?
ganciclovir
