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Nursing > Pharm week 9 > Flashcards

Pharm week 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease

A

Family history
Blood group O
Smoking – increases gastric secretion
Caffeine
NSAIDs, ASA
Psychological stress
H. pylori
treatment: triple or quadruple therapy with antibiotics and PPIs

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2
Q

What is GERD

A

Weakening of lower esophageal sphincter

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3
Q

Lifestyle changes to treat GERD

A

Weight loss
Elevate HOB
Avoid fatty and acidic foods
Do not eat 3 hours before bed
No ETOH
No smoking

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4
Q

proton pump inhibitor

A

omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole

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5
Q

Long term effects of omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole

A

pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia**

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6
Q

How long should proton pump inhibitor therapy be limited to

A

2 months

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7
Q

omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole drug interactions

A

increased bleeding with warfarin; increased digoxin & phenytoin levels

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8
Q

omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole drug interactions

A

increased bleeding with warfarin; increased digoxin & phenytoin levels

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9
Q

Lifespan considerations for proton pump inhibitors:geriatric

A

osteoporosis, iron and B12 deficiency, Increase intake of calcium & magnesium, Incorporate weight-bearing exercises

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10
Q

H2 receptor antagonist

A

ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine

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11
Q

Nursing for H2 receptor antagonists

A

use in older adults can cause CNS symptoms- confusion

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12
Q

drug interactions for ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine

A

antacids should not be given within 1 hr of H2 antagonists because it may reduce absorption

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13
Q

antacid

A

aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate

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14
Q

MOA of antacids

A

neutralizes acid

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15
Q

Nursing for antacids

A

administer 2hrs before or after other drugs; chew & drink with 8 oz water

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16
Q

contra-indications of antacids

A

bowel obstruction; caution renal patients- they cannot eliminate aluminum**

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17
Q

Nursing for PUD

A

-Avoid smoking which can delay wound healing
-Avoid food that promote gastric secretion- coffee, caffeine and decaff beverages
-Avoid ASA and NSAIDs
-Avoid ETOH which can exacerbate PUD
-Eat meals on a regular schedule in a relaxed setting and do not overeat

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18
Q

Prostaglandin analog/gastric protectant

A

misoprostol, sucralfate

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19
Q

use of misoprostol

A

prevents ulcers caused by meds (NSAIDS, ASA)

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20
Q

contradictions of misoprotol

A

pregnancy

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21
Q

action of sucralfate

A

creates a protective barrier against acid & pepsin

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22
Q

drug interactions with sucralfate

A

blocks absorption of warfarin, phenytoin, digoxin, antibiotics; take 2 hours away from these meds

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23
Q

What is constipation

A

less than 3* bowel movements per week

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24
Q

Causes of constipation

A

-Lack of exercise
-Lack of fiber
-Decreased fluid intake
-Medications: opioids, anticholinergics, antihistamines, antacids, iron
-Foods: dairy, chocolate, refined white flour
-Diseases: hypothyroidism, DM, IBS

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25
Q

What is diarrhea

A

More than 3* bowel movements a day*

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26
Q

Causes of diarrhea

A

Medications: antibiotics
Infection: C diff, VRE
Inflammation: IBS, IBD
Travel out of the country

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27
Q

bulk-type laxative prototype

A

psyllium

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28
Q

Nursing interventions for psyllium

A

mix with 8 oz of water and follow with 8 oz of water

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29
Q

Contraindications for psyllium

A

undiagnosed abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, fecal impaction

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30
Q

Surfactant/emollient laxatives and action

A

docusate sodium: lowers surface tension to all ow penetration of water

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31
Q

Stimulant laxatives and action

A

bisacodyl senna: stimulates intestinal peristalsis

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32
Q

Osmostic laxatives and action

A

-magnesium hydroxide (MOM), magnesium citrate, sodium phosphates (Fleet’s), polyethylene glycol, lactulose
-draws water into large intestine to produce bulk and stimlulates peristalsis

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33
Q

antidiarrheal prototype

A

diphenoxylate with Atropine

34
Q

adverse effects of diphenoxylate with Atropine

A

dizziness, drowsiness (with high doses)

35
Q

contraindications of diphenoxylate with Atropine

A

severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance

36
Q

nursing for diphenoxylate with Atropine

A

drink fluids with electrolytes, avoid caffeine

37
Q

drug interactions with diphenoxylate with Atropine

A

alcohol & CNS depressants produce sedation

38
Q

OD of diphenoxylate Atropine

A

naloxone for respiratory depression

39
Q

sulfonamide/ 5-aminosalicylate Prototype

A

sulfasalazine

40
Q

adverse effects of sulfasalazine

A

n/v/d, skin rashes, blood disorders

41
Q

nursing for sulfasalazine

A

do not administer if allergy to sulfa, ASA, or thiazide diuretics*

42
Q

contraindications for sulfasalazine

A

sulfa or salicylate sensitivity

43
Q

meds for IBS-C

A

lubiprostone, linaclotide

44
Q

is lubiprostone and linaclotide used in women or men

A

women

45
Q

side effects of lubiprostone and linaclotide

A

diarrhea, nausea

46
Q

contra-indication of lubiprostone and linaclotide

A

bowel obstruction

47
Q

nursing for lubiprostone and lincaclotide

A

take with food

48
Q

meds for IBS-D

A

alosetron

49
Q

is alosetron used in women or men

A

women

50
Q

side effects of alosetron

A

constipation, obstruction, impaction, or perforation

51
Q

contraindications for alosetron

A

chronic constipation, Crohns, colitis, diverticulitis

52
Q

antiemetic/serotonin antagonist prototype

A

ondansetron: (zofran), granisetron, dolasetron

53
Q

side effects of antiemetic/serotonin antagonists

A

headache, dizzy, diarrhea, drowsiness

54
Q

contraindications of antiemetic/serotonin antagonists

A

dysrthmias

55
Q

drug interactions with antiemetic/serotonin antagonists

A

CNS depressants & antipsychotics- can intensify CNS effects

56
Q

Dopamine antagonists

A

Chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine

57
Q

Prokinetics

A

metoclopramide

58
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Scopolamine patch

59
Q

Antihistamines

A

Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, meclizine

60
Q

Cannabinoids

A

Dronabinol, nabilone

61
Q

pancreatic enzymes prototype

A

pancrelipase

62
Q

nursing for pancrelipase

A

do not crush or open enteric coated tablets; may sprinkle on food; give with meals and snacks*

63
Q

contraindications for pancrelipase

A

pork allergy

64
Q

drug interactions for pancrelipase

A

decreased absorption of iron; antacids may decrease effect of pancrelipase

65
Q

these restore the normal flora of the intestine following diarrhea, particularly from antibiotic therapy

A

probiotic

66
Q

You should not take a probiotic the same time as an antibiotic (T/F)

A

True

67
Q

what is the only vitamin humans produce

A

D

68
Q

it is okay to consume up to three times the daily recommended levels of all vitamins except these two

A

A and D

69
Q

causes of undernutrition

A

low dietary intake, malabsorption disorders, fad diets, alcoholism, eating disorders, surgery, trauma, wasting disorders such as cancer or AIDS

70
Q

lipid-soluble vitamins

A

vitamin A

71
Q

uses of vitamin A

A

night blindness, slow wound healing, GI disorders

72
Q

Long term effects of high amounts of vitamin A

A

drying and scaling of the skin, alopecia, fatigue

73
Q

Which vitamin is labeled category X in pregnancy

A

A

74
Q

MOA of folic acid

A

RBC, WBC, platelet production

75
Q

primary use of folic acid

A

during pregnancy to promote normal fetal growth, reversing symptoms of deficiency from inadequate intake or alcohol abuse

76
Q

drug interactions of folic acid

A

levels are decreased by methotrexate (mtx) and sulfonamides

77
Q

nursing action of folic acid

A

assess CBC, folic acid levels; include food sources such as: green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, dried beans

78
Q

Mineral

A

magnesium sulfate, oxide, hydroxide

79
Q

side effects of magnesium sulfate, oxide, hydroxide

A

muscle weakness, suppresses AV conduction in the heart, can cause respiratory depression, diarrhea; flushing with IV infusion

80
Q

nursing actions for minerals

A

monitor magnesium, calcium levels, vital signs, monitor for absent DTRs, normal magnesium levels: 1.3-2.1 mEq/L; include food sources: whole grains, nuts, legumes, green leafy vegetables, bananas

81
Q

Mineral OD

A

IV calcium gluconate

Nursing (11 decks)

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