Pharm midterm Flashcards
Side effects of TB Medications
neurotoxicity, hepatoxicity, numbness of hands and feet, n/v/d, confusion
What medication turns urine orange
Rifampin
Action of Epoetin Alpha
Increases red blood cells
Primary use for Filgrastim
Chronic neutropenia or neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy
What is the only hematopoietic growth factor that enhances platelet production
Oprelyekin
Blood cell booster medications
Oprelyekin, Filgrastim, Epoetin Alpha
Signs of IV infiltration
Redness, swelling, puffy and hair skin, pain around the site, blanching
Vincristine side effects
Neurotoxicity, numbness and tingling of the limbs, muscle weakness, pain
Tamoxifen side effects
Initial “tumor flare”, thromboembolism, PE, DVT, edema, hot flashes, n/v
Action of Leucovorin
For severe bone marrow suppression (usually give with chemo)
Antidote to Methotrexate
Leucovorin
Drugs that interact poorly with grapefruit
lopinavir with ritonavir (Kaletra), Calcium channel blockers: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine, Antitussives nonopioid: dextromethorphan, Statins (atorvastatin), Macrolides (ERYTHOMYCIN),Immunosuppressants (CYCLOSPORINE
Side effects of Ferrous Sulfate
Common adverse effects-GI upset, nausea, constipation, dark stools, teeth staining- (liquid form), hypotension (IV route)
Disorder in which blood has reduced capacity to carry oxygen because of hemorrhage, excessive erythrocyte destruction, or insufficient erythrocyte synthesis.
Anemia
decrease in bone marrow activity that results in reduced production of blood cells
Myelosuppression
What can fluconazole do to blood glucose
raises blood sugar
Side effects of nitroglycerin
headache*, flushing, fainting, dizziness, tingling
What vitals should you check before giving a beta blocker
Heart rate and BP (hold if HR is below 60)
Schedule that has the highest potential for physical and psychological dependency (heroin, LSD)
Schedule 1
Schedule that has the high potential for dependency (oxy, cocaine)
Schedule 2
Schedule that has moderate potential for abuse (codeine)
Schedule 3
Schedule with lower potential for abuse and dependency (clonazepam, lorazepam)
Schedule 4
Schedule with lowest potential for abuse
Schedule 5
Normal BP range
120/80
Slightly elevated BP Range
120-129/80
Stage 1 hypertension range
130-139/80-89
Stage 2 hypertension range
140 and up/90 or higher
Hypertensive crisis range
180 or higher/120 or higher
Lifestyle Changes for hypertension
Eating healthy, exercise, low salt, no alcohol or smoking, stress management
How do loop diuretics work and affect sodium levels
Block reabsorption of sodium
How do potassium-sparing diuretics work and affect potassium and sodium levels
Block action of aldosterone causing water retention and the body retains more potassium and excretes sodium
How do osmotic diuretics work and affect potassium and sodium levels
Increase osmotic pressure, the water is then reabsorbed by the kidney and excreted out of the body with sodium and potassium
How do you address medication contradictions
Read them before administering, read BBW, check med history, monitor for adverse affects
Antidote for opioids
Naloxone (Narcan)
Antidote for benzos
Flumazenil
Antidote for pressor extraversion
Phentolamine mesyltate
General labs to monitor before medications
AST, ALT, BUN, CBC
Lab values that would indicate dehydration
Raised serum urea,Raised creatinine, Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), Increased urea:creatinine ratio, Hypernatraemia (loss of water greater than salt loss), Raised serum or urine osmolality, Raised urine specific gravity.
Medications that adversely effect the liver
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Azathioprine (Imuran)
Methotrexate
Risperidone (Risperdal) and quetiapine (Seroquel)
Normal sodium levels
136-145
Normal potassium levels
3.5-5
Normal calcium levels
9.0-10.5
Normal Magnesium levels
1.3-2.1
Normal chloride levels
98-106
Normal phosphorus levels
3.0-4.5
What patients more often receive diuretic medications
Pts with edema, heart failure, kidney failure, cirrhosis of the liver, high blood pressure
What foods are rich in potassium
Bananas, spinach, potatoes, avocados, sweet potatoes, nuts, carrots, green leafy veggies, orange/melon
Signs and symptoms of hypervolemia
edema, tachycardia, bounding pulse, hypertension, SOB, cough
Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, weakness, confusion, tachycardia, decreased urine output
Signs and symptoms of acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis- nausea, vomiting, fatigue, tachypnea/deep breathing
Respiratory acidosis- headache, confusion, shallow/slow breathing
Signs and symptoms of alkalosis
cognitive impairment, tingling/numbness in extremities, twitching, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia
