Pharm: Upper Resp

Question 1

common cold comes from what virus

Answer 1

rhinovirus

Question 2

rhinovirus causes what

Answer 2

acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa
acute rhinitis

Question 3

competes with histamine for receptor sites and prevents a histamine response

Answer 3

antihistamines (block H1 receptor sites, decreasing secretions)

Question 4

1st gen antihistamine side effects

Answer 4

drowsiness and dry mouth
dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, disturbed coordination, urine retention

Question 5

2nd gen antihistamine side effects

Answer 5

less drowsiness and less anticholinergic symptoms (block acetylcholine)

Question 6

name a 1st gen antihistamine

Answer 6

Diphenhydramine

Question 7

name a 2nd gen antihistamine

Answer 7

fexofenadine

Question 8

primary goal when using antihistamines

Answer 8

less inflammation of nasal cavity and less secretions

Question 9

contraindications with diphenhydramine

Answer 9

closed-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, severe liver disease

Question 10

what is the interaction that can occur on diphenhydramine??

Answer 10

increase CNS depression with alcohol and other CNS depressants like opiates
(stop breathing/drop BP)

Question 11

what is the major concern with diphenhydramine

Answer 11

sedation (warn pt to avoid driving and dangerous activities)
avoid alcohol

Question 12

what do we give with oral diphenhydramine to decrease GI upset?

Answer 12

food

Question 13

what can be used to relieve dry mouth on diphenhydramine?

Answer 13

sugarless candy, gum, or ice chips

Question 14

onset and duration of diphenhydramine (PO)

Answer 14

onset- 15 min
duration- 4-7hrs
dose 25mg q6h

Question 15

dilation of nasal blood vessels and swelling of nasal cavity

Answer 15

nasal congestion

Question 16

stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors, produces nasal vasular constriction, shrinks nasal mucous membranes, and reduces nasal secretion

Answer 16

nasal decongestants

Question 17

when to use nasal decongestants

Answer 17

allergic rhinitis, inflammation, infection

Question 18

side effects/adverse reactions of nasal decongestants

Answer 18

nervous, restless (lessens w/ time)
rebound nasal congestion w/ overuse (use as ordered)

Question 19

rebound nasal congestion is known as ____

Answer 19

rhinitis medicamentosa

Question 20

interactions with nasal decongestants

Answer 20

caffeine (increases restlessness)
MAOIs (hypertensive crisis)
decreases effects of beta blockers

Question 21

goal of nasal decongestants

Answer 21

less congestion

Question 22

antiinflammatory, decrease rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion

Answer 22

intranasal glucocorticoids (steroids)

Question 23

rhinorrhea means___

Answer 23

runny nose

Question 24

intranasal glucocorticoids are used for ____

Answer 24

allergic rhinitis

Question 25

example of intranasal glucocorticoid

Answer 25

fluticasone steroids end in -sone

Question 26

how to use an intranasal glucocorticoid

Answer 26

direct away from septum (causes irritation) overuse = dryness

Question 27

goal of intranasal glucocorticoids

Answer 27

decrease inflammation which will relieve congestion

Question 28

only use an antitussive on what?

Answer 28

irritating, nonproductive cough

Question 29

acts on the cough-control center in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Answer 29

antitussive

Question 30

the 3 types of antitussive preparations

Answer 30

nonopioid (dextromethorphan OTC) opioid (codine *sedative effect*) combination (codine w/ guiafensin)

Question 31

loosens bronchial secretions and allows elimination by coughing

Answer 31

expectorants

Question 32

what also needs to happen when taking an expectorant?

Answer 32

increase fluid intake (loosen secretions)

Question 33

example of an expectorant

Answer 33

guiafensin

Question 34

side effects of expectorants

Answer 34

drowsiness, dizziness, HA, N and V, diarrhea

Question 35

inflammation of mucous membranes of sinuses

Answer 35

sinusitis

Question 36

inflammation of the throat

Answer 36

acute pharyngitis