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Nursing I > Pharm: Insulin > Flashcards

Pharm: Insulin Flashcards

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1
Q

What does insulin do?

A

LOWERS blood sugar

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2
Q

______ is low blood sugar

A

Hypoglycemia

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3
Q

______ is high blood sugar

A

Hyperglycemia

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4
Q

What is the chronic disease that results from deficient glucose metabolism? Unable to move glucose (sugar) into cells to be used for energy (sugar will stay and accumulate in blood)

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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5
Q

What is the NORMAL blood glucose range?

A

70-110

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6
Q

What are the 3 MAJOR symptoms of HYPERGLYCEMIA (3P’s)?

A

Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Polyphagia

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7
Q

What is Polyuria?

A

frequent need to urinate (filter out sugar)

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8
Q

What is Polydipsia?

A

thirsty (dilute the blood)

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9
Q

What is Polyphagia?

A

increased appetite (sugar is not moving into cells, so body cannot convert the sugar into energy to use)

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10
Q

What is the #1/first sign of type 1 diabetes?

A

Weight loss

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11
Q

Type 1 diabetics require _____ ____ (lifelong)

A

exogenous (from outside of the body) insulin

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12
Q

What can the pancreas of the type 1 diabetic not do?

A

the pancreas does not secrete insulin

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13
Q

When is type 1 diabetes usually diagnosed?

A

childhood/adolescence

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14
Q

When is type 2 diabetes usually diagnosed?

A

adulthood (but can happen in younger)

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15
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

the pancreas still secretes insulin, but not enough or tissues are no longer sensitive to the insulin

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16
Q

What is Secondary Diabetes?

A

diabetes due to medications

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17
Q

What are the medications that can cause Secondary Diabetes?

A

glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, and epinephrine

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18
Q

When and why does Gestational Diabetes occur?

A

during pregnancy because of hormonal changes

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19
Q

Where is insulin released from?

A

beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

20
Q

Why is insulin secreted?

A

in response to the increase in blood glucose

21
Q

What med are type 1 diabetics placed on?

A

exogenous insulin

22
Q

What med are type 2 diabetics placed on?

A

oral antihyperglycemics or oral antidiabetics (sometimes placed on exogenous insulin)

23
Q

A lab value used to determine how well a patients diabetes is controlled over 3 MONTHS

A

Hemoglobin A1c

24
Q

What should a nondiabetic’s A1c be?

A

less than 6

25
Q

What should a well controlled diabetic patient’s A1c be?

A

less than 7

26
Q

What do you need to know about each different type of insulins?

A

onset, peak, duration

27
Q

What does ONSET mean?

A

when effects are seen

28
Q

What does PEAK mean?

A

when effects are the greatest (highest concentration)

29
Q

What does DURATION mean?

A

the length of time the medication produces its desired therapeutic effect

30
Q

When could a patient taking insulin be HYPOglycemic?

A

during the peak

31
Q

How is insulin currently manufactured?

A

by using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology

32
Q

Where is insulin stored?

A

in the refrigerator (usually long acting) or at room temperature

33
Q

What are the different types of insulin?

A

Rapid-acting
Short-acting
Intermediate-acting
Long-acting
Combinations

34
Q

What color is Rapid-acting insulin?

A

clear

35
Q

What color is Short-acting insulin?

A

clear (Humulin R)

36
Q

What color is Intermediate-acting insulin?

A

cloudy (NPH)

37
Q

How to mix different insulins?

A

go from clear to cloudy (not contaminating clear)

38
Q

What can cause insulin resistance?

A

animal insulin and obesity

39
Q

Promote use of glucose by body cells, store glucose as glycogen in muscles

A

the ACTION of insulin

40
Q

What is the USE of insulin?

A

reduce blood glucose and control diabetes mellitus

41
Q

What meds decrease glucose?

A

TCAs, MAOIs, aspirin, oral anticoagulants

42
Q

_______ insulin is adjusted doses dependent on individual blood glucose

A

Sliding-scale

43
Q

When to monitor blood glucose?

A

before meals and at bedtime (rapid or short acting)

44
Q

______ is when SubQ tissue becomes hard from trauma/continuous use of injection site

A

Lipodystrophy

45
Q

What would be given with HYPOglycemia?

A

glucagon

46
Q

Methods of insulin administration

A

pens
pumps
jet injectors

Nursing I (10 decks)

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