Pharm: Insulin

Question 1

What does insulin do?

Answer 1

LOWERS blood sugar

Question 2

______ is low blood sugar

Answer 2

Hypoglycemia

Question 3

______ is high blood sugar

Answer 3

Hyperglycemia

Question 4

What is the chronic disease that results from deficient glucose metabolism? Unable to move glucose (sugar) into cells to be used for energy (sugar will stay and accumulate in blood)

Answer 4

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 5

What is the NORMAL blood glucose range?

Answer 5

70-110

Question 6

What are the 3 MAJOR symptoms of HYPERGLYCEMIA (3P’s)?

Answer 6

Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Polyphagia

Question 7

What is Polyuria?

Answer 7

frequent need to urinate (filter out sugar)

Question 8

What is Polydipsia?

Answer 8

thirsty (dilute the blood)

Question 9

What is Polyphagia?

Answer 9

increased appetite (sugar is not moving into cells, so body cannot convert the sugar into energy to use)

Question 10

What is the #1/first sign of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 10

Weight loss

Question 11

Type 1 diabetics require _____ ____ (lifelong)

Answer 11

exogenous (from outside of the body) insulin

Question 12

What can the pancreas of the type 1 diabetic not do?

Answer 12

the pancreas does not secrete insulin

Question 13

When is type 1 diabetes usually diagnosed?

Answer 13

childhood/adolescence

Question 14

When is type 2 diabetes usually diagnosed?

Answer 14

adulthood (but can happen in younger)

Question 15

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 15

the pancreas still secretes insulin, but not enough or tissues are no longer sensitive to the insulin

Question 16

What is Secondary Diabetes?

Answer 16

diabetes due to medications

Question 17

What are the medications that can cause Secondary Diabetes?

Answer 17

glucocorticoids, thiazide diuretics, and epinephrine

Question 18

When and why does Gestational Diabetes occur?

Answer 18

during pregnancy because of hormonal changes

Question 19

Where is insulin released from?

Answer 19

beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

Question 20

Why is insulin secreted?

Answer 20

in response to the increase in blood glucose

Question 21

What med are type 1 diabetics placed on?

Answer 21

exogenous insulin

Question 22

What med are type 2 diabetics placed on?

Answer 22

oral antihyperglycemics or oral antidiabetics (sometimes placed on exogenous insulin)

Question 23

A lab value used to determine how well a patients diabetes is controlled over 3 MONTHS

Answer 23

Hemoglobin A1c

Question 24

What should a nondiabetic’s A1c be?

Answer 24

less than 6

Question 25

What should a well controlled diabetic patient's A1c be?

Answer 25

less than 7

Question 26

What do you need to know about each different type of insulins?

Answer 26

onset, peak, duration

Question 27

What does ONSET mean?

Answer 27

when effects are seen

Question 28

What does PEAK mean?

Answer 28

when effects are the greatest (highest concentration)

Question 29

What does DURATION mean?

Answer 29

the length of time the medication produces its desired therapeutic effect

Question 30

When could a patient taking insulin be HYPOglycemic?

Answer 30

during the peak

Question 31

How is insulin currently manufactured?

Answer 31

by using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology

Question 32

Where is insulin stored?

Answer 32

in the refrigerator (usually long acting) or at room temperature

Question 33

What are the different types of insulin?

Answer 33

Rapid-acting Short-acting Intermediate-acting Long-acting Combinations

Question 34

What *color* is Rapid-acting insulin?

Answer 34

clear

Question 35

What *color* is Short-acting insulin?

Answer 35

clear (Humulin R)

Question 36

What *color* is Intermediate-acting insulin?

Answer 36

cloudy (NPH)

Question 37

How to mix different insulins?

Answer 37

go from clear to cloudy (not contaminating clear)

Question 38

What can cause insulin resistance?

Answer 38

animal insulin and obesity

Question 39

Promote use of glucose by body cells, store glucose as glycogen in muscles

Answer 39

the ACTION of insulin

Question 40

What is the USE of insulin?

Answer 40

reduce blood glucose and control diabetes mellitus

Question 41

What meds decrease glucose?

Answer 41

TCAs, MAOIs, aspirin, oral anticoagulants

Question 42

_______ insulin is adjusted doses dependent on individual blood glucose

Answer 42

Sliding-scale

Question 43

When to monitor blood glucose?

Answer 43

before meals and at bedtime (rapid or short acting)

Question 44

______ is when SubQ tissue becomes hard from trauma/continuous use of injection site

Answer 44

Lipodystrophy

Question 45

What would be given with HYPOglycemia?

Answer 45

glucagon

Question 46

Methods of insulin administration

Answer 46

pens pumps jet injectors