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Nursing I > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of blood

A

hemotology

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2
Q

blood carries fuel to the cells. What is the fuel?

A

glucose

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3
Q

cells need _____ and ______

A

oxygen and glucose

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4
Q

how does blood transport oxygen?

A

hemoglobin attached to RBCs

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5
Q

what is the waste that cells remove?

A

CO2

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6
Q

what are the 4 components of blood?

A

plasma
RBC
WBC
Platelets

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7
Q

liquid part of blood (clear, yellow, protein rich)

A

plasma

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8
Q

biconcave disc (erythrocytes)

A

RBC

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9
Q

protect body from foreign bodies (immune function, leukocytes)

A

WBC

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10
Q

prevent hemorrhage and blood loss (thrombocytes)

A

platelets

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11
Q

what 3 basic functions does blood do?

A

1) prevent and eliminate infections
2) prevent loss of fluid (stops bleeding)
3) carries hormones

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12
Q

average amount of blood in human

A

5-6L

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13
Q

where are plasma proteins formed (clotting factors)

A

liver

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14
Q

where are blood cells formed

A

bone marrow

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15
Q

another name for IMMATURE BLOOD CELL

A

hemocytoblast
hemo = blood
cyto = cell
blast = immature

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16
Q

___ ___ mature into different types of blood cells (transform into what is needed)

A

stem cells
(body knows what needs to be replaced and replaces what is deficit)

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17
Q

life span of RBC

A

120 days

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18
Q

____ breaks down old RBCs and uses left over materials to make new RBCs

A

spleen

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19
Q

what is the purpose of RBCs

A

carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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20
Q

what shape are RBCs

A

biconcave discs (maximizes surface area to carry more)

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21
Q

what is the term for low RBC count

A

anemia

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22
Q

what is the hormone secreted from kidneys to stimulate RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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23
Q

what is the term used for RBC production

A

erythropoiesis

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24
Q

where do RBCs get O2

A

lungs

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25
Q

what stimulates the kidneys to release erythropoietin

A

tissue hypoxia (lack of O2)

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26
Q

how many days does it take to restore RBC count

A

about 5 days

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27
Q

what is the oxygen carrying protein

A

hemoglobin

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28
Q

old RBCs get broken down via _____

A

hemolysis

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29
Q

what type of cell destroys RBCs in the spleen

A

phagocytes

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30
Q

what is saved after hemolysis

A

amino acids and iron (transferrin and ferritin)
transferrin = iron transport protein
ferritin = iron storing protein

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31
Q

normal size of cell

A

normocytic

32
Q

smaller cell than normal

A

microcytic

33
Q

larger cell than normal

A

macrocytic

34
Q

normal cell color

A

normochromic

35
Q

cell lacking in color (pale or lack hemoglobin)

A

hypochromic

36
Q

name for WBCs

A

leukocytes (protect against foreign invaders)

37
Q

higher WBC count >10

A

leukocytosis

38
Q

leukocytosis could indicate _____

A

infection

39
Q

normal WBC count

A

5,000-10,000 (5-10)
1% of total blood volume

40
Q

low WBC count <5 (immune function is compromised)

A

leukopenia (e.g. chemo)

41
Q

Leukocytes are released in response to _____

A

infection

42
Q

true or false: Leukocytes move by blood, but can migrate into tissues (to fight)

A

true

43
Q

three types of granulocytes

A

-eosinophils
-basophils
-neutrophils

44
Q

three types of WBCs

A

-granulocytes
-monocytes
-lymphocytes

45
Q

WBC listed from most to least in the blood

A

Never - neutrophils (60%)
Let - lymphocytes (30%)
Monkeys - monocytes (6%)
Eat - eosinophils (3%)
Bananas - basophils (1%)

46
Q

WBC for allergic reactions

A

eosinophils

47
Q

WBC involved in hypersensitivity stress reaction (viruses and fungal infections)

A

basophils

48
Q

WBC released in response to bacteria, most prevalent, phagocytic

A

neutrophils

49
Q

mature neutrophils

A

segs (segmental)

50
Q

immature neutrophils

A

bands (increased in infection)

51
Q

WBC largest in size, scavenger cells (clean the blood), destroys cancer cells

A

monocytes

52
Q

WBC that is small, nondescript, and regulates immune response

A

lymphocytes

53
Q

three types of lymphocytes

A
  • B-cells
  • T-cells
  • Natural Killer Cells (NK)
54
Q

memory cells, form antibodies (remember substance exposure for quicker response) allergies

A

B-cells

55
Q

cell mediated (mediated immunity), kill foreign cells, kill tumor cells (HIV pts are deficient and at risk for cancer)

A

T-cells

56
Q

surveillance cells, looking for foreign bodies

A

NK cells

57
Q

WBC are released as an _____ _____

A

immune response (fight infection and foreign invaders)

58
Q

part of the clotting mechanism

A

platelets

59
Q

another name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

60
Q

true or false: RBCs are fragments of cytoplasm w/o nuclei

A

false. RBCs do not have nuclei, but THROMBOCYTES do not either and are made from fragments of cytoplasm

61
Q

excess platelet count

A

thrombocytosis (HR for blood clot)

62
Q

insufficient platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia (HR for hemorrhage)

63
Q

life span of platelets

A

10 days

64
Q

hemostasis from bleeding is achieved in 5 stages. What are the 5 stages?

A

1) vessel spasm
2) formation of platelet plug
3) clot formation
4) clot retraction
5) clot dissolution

65
Q

prevent ____ w/ a patient that has thrombocytopenia

A

injury

66
Q

prevent ____ w/ a patient that has leukocytopenia

A

infection

67
Q

what stops bleeding?

A

blood clot

68
Q

blood vessels around injury constrict because of damage (reduce blood flow)

A

vessel spasm

69
Q

stick to irregular edges on vessel (stick to form clot/plug)

A

formation of platelet plug

70
Q

stabilize clot with FIBRIN

A

clot formation

71
Q

after bleeding has stopped, hemostasis has occurred an in 30 min platelets begin to dissolve

A

clot retraction

72
Q

fibrinolysis

A

clot dissolution

73
Q

____ measures the size and volume of a single RBC

A

MCV (mean corpuscular volume)
80-95 fL

74
Q

____ measures the average amount (mass) of Hgb within an RBC

A

MCH (mean corpuscular Hgb)

75
Q

____ measures the average concentration (percentage) of Hgb within a single RBC

A

MCHC (mean corpuscular Hgb concentration)

76
Q

How does the body compensate for anemia?

A

increase heart rate and resp rate

Nursing I (10 decks)

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