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Nursing I > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

the study of blood

A

hemotology

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2
Q

blood carries fuel to the cells. What is the fuel?

A

glucose

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3
Q

cells need _____ and ______

A

oxygen and glucose

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4
Q

how does blood transport oxygen?

A

hemoglobin attached to RBCs

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5
Q

what is the waste that cells remove?

A

CO2

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6
Q

what are the 4 components of blood?

A

plasma
RBC
WBC
Platelets

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7
Q

liquid part of blood (clear, yellow, protein rich)

A

plasma

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8
Q

biconcave disc (erythrocytes)

A

RBC

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9
Q

protect body from foreign bodies (immune function, leukocytes)

A

WBC

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10
Q

prevent hemorrhage and blood loss (thrombocytes)

A

platelets

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11
Q

what 3 basic functions does blood do?

A

1) prevent and eliminate infections
2) prevent loss of fluid (stops bleeding)
3) carries hormones

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12
Q

average amount of blood in human

A

5-6L

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13
Q

where are plasma proteins formed (clotting factors)

A

liver

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14
Q

where are blood cells formed

A

bone marrow

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15
Q

another name for IMMATURE BLOOD CELL

A

hemocytoblast
hemo = blood
cyto = cell
blast = immature

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16
Q

___ ___ mature into different types of blood cells (transform into what is needed)

A

stem cells
(body knows what needs to be replaced and replaces what is deficit)

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17
Q

life span of RBC

A

120 days

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18
Q

____ breaks down old RBCs and uses left over materials to make new RBCs

A

spleen

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19
Q

what is the purpose of RBCs

A

carry oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

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20
Q

what shape are RBCs

A

biconcave discs (maximizes surface area to carry more)

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21
Q

what is the term for low RBC count

A

anemia

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22
Q

what is the hormone secreted from kidneys to stimulate RBC production

A

erythropoietin

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23
Q

what is the term used for RBC production

A

erythropoiesis

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24
Q

where do RBCs get O2

A

lungs

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25
what stimulates the kidneys to release erythropoietin
tissue hypoxia (lack of O2)
26
how many days does it take to restore RBC count
about 5 days
27
what is the oxygen carrying protein
hemoglobin
28
old RBCs get broken down via _____
hemolysis
29
what type of cell destroys RBCs in the spleen
phagocytes
30
what is saved after hemolysis
amino acids and iron (transferrin and ferritin) transferrin = iron transport protein ferritin = iron storing protein
31
normal size of cell
normocytic
32
smaller cell than normal
microcytic
33
larger cell than normal
macrocytic
34
normal cell color
normochromic
35
cell lacking in color (pale or lack hemoglobin)
hypochromic
36
name for WBCs
leukocytes (protect against foreign invaders)
37
higher WBC count >10
leukocytosis
38
leukocytosis could indicate _____
infection
39
normal WBC count
5,000-10,000 (5-10) 1% of total blood volume
40
low WBC count <5 (immune function is compromised)
leukopenia (e.g. chemo)
41
Leukocytes are released in response to _____
infection
42
true or false: Leukocytes move by blood, but can migrate into tissues (to fight)
true
43
three types of granulocytes
-eosinophils -basophils -neutrophils
44
three types of WBCs
-granulocytes -monocytes -lymphocytes
45
WBC listed from most to least in the blood
Never - neutrophils (60%) Let - lymphocytes (30%) Monkeys - monocytes (6%) Eat - eosinophils (3%) Bananas - basophils (1%)
46
WBC for allergic reactions
eosinophils
47
WBC involved in hypersensitivity stress reaction (viruses and fungal infections)
basophils
48
WBC released in response to bacteria, most prevalent, phagocytic
neutrophils
49
mature neutrophils
segs (segmental)
50
immature neutrophils
bands (increased in infection)
51
WBC largest in size, scavenger cells (clean the blood), destroys cancer cells
monocytes
52
WBC that is small, nondescript, and regulates immune response
lymphocytes
53
three types of lymphocytes
- B-cells - T-cells - Natural Killer Cells (NK)
54
memory cells, form antibodies (remember substance exposure for quicker response) *allergies*
B-cells
55
cell mediated (mediated immunity), kill foreign cells, kill tumor cells (HIV pts are deficient and at risk for cancer)
T-cells
56
surveillance cells, looking for foreign bodies
NK cells
57
WBC are released as an _____ _____
immune response (fight infection and foreign invaders)
58
part of the clotting mechanism
platelets
59
another name for platelets
thrombocytes
60
true or false: RBCs are fragments of cytoplasm w/o nuclei
false. RBCs do not have nuclei, but THROMBOCYTES do not either and are made from fragments of cytoplasm
61
excess platelet count
thrombocytosis (HR for blood clot)
62
insufficient platelet count
thrombocytopenia (HR for hemorrhage)
63
life span of platelets
10 days
64
hemostasis from bleeding is achieved in 5 stages. What are the 5 stages?
1) vessel spasm 2) formation of platelet plug 3) clot formation 4) clot retraction 5) clot dissolution
65
prevent ____ w/ a patient that has thrombocytopenia
injury
66
prevent ____ w/ a patient that has leukocytopenia
infection
67
what stops bleeding?
blood clot
68
blood vessels around injury constrict because of damage (reduce blood flow)
vessel spasm
69
stick to irregular edges on vessel (stick to form clot/plug)
formation of platelet plug
70
stabilize clot with FIBRIN
clot formation
71
after bleeding has stopped, hemostasis has occurred an in 30 min platelets begin to dissolve
clot retraction
72
fibrinolysis
clot dissolution
73
____ measures the size and volume of a single RBC
MCV (mean corpuscular volume) 80-95 fL
74
____ measures the average amount (mass) of Hgb within an RBC
MCH (mean corpuscular Hgb)
75
____ measures the average concentration (percentage) of Hgb within a single RBC
MCHC (mean corpuscular Hgb concentration)
76
How does the body compensate for anemia?
increase heart rate and resp rate

Nursing I (10 decks)

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