Pharm: Lower Resp

Question 1

airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues

Answer 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Question 2

four causes of COPD

Answer 2

chronic bronchitis
bronchiectasis
emphysema
asthma

Question 3

the three common signs and symptoms that meds will relieve in COPD

Answer 3

dyspnea
bronchoconstriction
mucus secretions

Question 4

inflammatory disorder of the airway walls associated with airway obstruction

Answer 4

asthma

Question 5

tiggers for asthma

Answer 5

stress
allergens
pollutants

Question 6

s&s of asthma

Answer 6

bronchospasm, dyspnea, mucus secretions
wheezing, coughing, tightness in chest

Question 7

chemical mediators that are released by mast cells

Answer 7

histamine and prostaglandins

Question 8

bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretions lead to airway obstruction

Answer 8

chronic bronchitis

Question 9

bronchodilators that mimic SNS and act on alpha or beta receptors

Answer 9

sympathomimetics

Question 10

increases cAMP in lung tissue causing bronchodilation and restores circulation and increases airway patency (a sympathomimetic)

Answer 10

epinephrine

Question 11

side effects of sympathomimetics

Answer 11

tremors, HTN, palpitations, tachycardia

Question 12

monitor ___ before, during, and after treatment with sympathomimetics

Answer 12

heart rate

Question 13

a selective beta-adrenergic that causes bronchodilation

Answer 13

albuterol

Question 14

is albuterol used for rapid or maintenance use

Answer 14

rapid (rescue inhaler)
rapid onset, short duration

Question 15

common side effects of albuterol (selective beta-adrenergics)

Answer 15

excitability, tremors, and tachycardia (will lessen with time/continued use)

Question 16

a selective beta-adrenergic that is inhaled for long-term asthma treatment

Answer 16

metaproterenol (prevent bronchoconstriction)

Question 17

open the airway by decreasing the parasympathetic response (causing bronchodilation)

Answer 17

anticholinergics

Question 18

2 examples of anticholinergics

Answer 18

tiotropium and ipratropium

Question 19

are the anticholinergic bronchodilators used for maintenance or rapid

Answer 19

maintenance (prevent bronchospams)

Question 20

how are the anticholinergics usually administered

Answer 20

dry-powder capsule inhaler

Question 21

common side effects of anticholinergics

Answer 21

dries everything up (constipation and dry mouth)

Question 22

related to caffeine, stimulates SNS and increases respirations and heart rate
relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles increasing cAMP promoting bronchodilation

Answer 22

methylxanthines

Question 23

do methylxanthines have a wide or narrow therapeutic range

Answer 23

narrow (5-15 mcg/mL)
toxicity greater than 20

Question 24

why monitor vital signs administering bronchodilators

Answer 24

because of the stimulation of the SNS

Question 25

given in response to an allergen reduce inflammatory process and decrease bronchoconstriction

Answer 25

leukotriene receptor antagonists

Question 26

example of a leukotriene receptor antagonist

Answer 26

montelukast (singulair)

Question 27

is montelukast used for maintenance or rapid

Answer 27

maintenance (use as prescribed and not recommended for acute attacks)

Question 28

used for antiinflammatory effects and should not be used chronically

Answer 28

glucocorticoids (steroids)

Question 29

how are glucocorticoids usually administered for asthma or COPD and why is this a good thing

Answer 29

inhaler = no systemic effects *maintenance*

Question 30

inhibits histamine release (inflammation) preventing asthmatic attacks from trigger

Answer 30

cromolyn *maintenance*

Question 31

cromolyn are usually used in children or adults

Answer 31

children

Question 32

used in mild to moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis from infectious causes

Answer 32

antimicrobials

Question 33

example of an antimicrobial

Answer 33

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (bactrim)