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FA - Pharmacology > Pharm - Toxicities and Side Effects (Drug reactions Part I: Cardio, Endo/Repro, GI, Hematologic) > Flashcards

Pharm - Toxicities and Side Effects (Drug reactions Part I: Cardio, Endo/Repro, GI, Hematologic) Flashcards

Pg. 252-253 in First Aid 2014 Pg. 240-241 in First Aid 2013 Sections include: -Drug reactions-cardiovascular -Drug reactions-endocrine/reproductive -Drug reactions-GI -Drug reactions-hematologic

1
Q

What are 4 potential cardiovascular drug reactions to keep in mind?

A

(1) Cornoary vasospasm (2) Cutaneous flushing (3) Dilated cardiomyopathy (4) Tosades de pointes

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2
Q

What 3 drugs cause coronary vasospasm?

A

(1) Cocaine, (2) sumatriptan, (3) ergot alkaloids

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3
Q

What 4 drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

A

(1) Vancomycin, (2) Adenosine, (3) Niacin, (4) Ca2+ channel blockers; Think: “VANC = VANComycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ blockers”

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4
Q

What 2 drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

(1) Doxorubicin, (2) Daunorubicin

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5
Q

What 5 drugs cause Torsades de pointes?

A

(1) Class III (e.g., sotalol) and (2) class IA (e.g., quinidine) antiarrhythmics, (3) Macrolide antibiotics, (4) Antipsychotics, (5) TCAs

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6
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Cocaine, sumatriptan, and ergot alkaloids?

A

Coronary vasospasm

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7
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers?

A

Cutaneous flushing

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8
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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9
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Class III (sotalol) and Class IA (quinidine) antiarrhythmics, Macrolide antibiotics, Antipsychotics, TCAs?

A

Torsades de pointes

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10
Q

What are 8 potential hematologic drug reactions?

A

(1) Agranulocytosis (2) Aplastic anemia (3) Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia (4) Gray baby syndrome (5) Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (6) Megaloblastic anemia (7) Thrombocytopenia (8) Thrombotic complications

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11
Q

What 6 drugs cause Agranulocytosis?

A

(1) Dapsone, (2) Clozapine, (3) Carbamezapine, (4) Colchicine, (5) Methimazole, (6) Propylthiouracil; Think: “Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes”

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12
Q

What 6 drugs cause Aplastic anemia?

A

(1) Carbamazepine, (2) Methimazole, (3) NSAIDs, (4) Benezene, (5) Chloramenphenicol, (6) Propylthiouracil; Think: “Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”

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13
Q

What 2 drugs cause Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia?

A

(1) Methyldopa, (2) Penicillin

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14
Q

What drug causes Gray baby syndrome?

A

Chloramphenicol

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15
Q

What 7 drugs cause Hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients?

A

(1) Isoniazid (INH), (2) Sulfonamides, (3) Dapsone, (4) Primaquine, (5) Aspirin, (6) Ibuprofen, (7) Nitrofurantoin; Think: “Hemolysis IS D PAIN”

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16
Q

What 3 drugs cause Megaloblastic anemia?

A

(1) Phenytoin, (2) Methotrexate, (3) Sulfa drugs; Think: “having a BLAST with PMS”

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17
Q

What drug causes Thrombotic complications?

A

OCPs (e.g., estrogens)

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18
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamezapine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil?

A

Agranulocytosis

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19
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benezene, Chloramenphenicol, Propylthiouracil?

A

Aplastic Anemia

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20
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Methyldopa, Penicillin?

A

Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia

21
Q

What one drug reaction does Chloramphenicol alone cause?

A

Gray baby syndrome

22
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin?

A

Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients

23
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

24
Q

What one reaction do OCPs (e.g., estrogens) cause?

A

Thrombotic complications

25
Q

What are 6 potential GI drug reactions?

A

(1) Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice (2) Diarrhea (3) Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4) Hepatitis (5) Pancreatitis (6) Pseudomembranous colitis

26
Q

What drug causes acute cholestatic hepatitis/jaundice?

A

Erythromycin

27
Q

What 4 drugs/toxins cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?

A

(1) Halothane, (2) Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), (3) Valproic acid, (4) Acetaminophen; Think: “Liver ‘HAVAc’”

28
Q

What drug causes hepatitis?

A

Isoniazid (INH)

29
Q

What 3 drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?

A

(1) Clindamycin, (2) Ampicillin, (3) Cephalosporins

30
Q

What GI drug reaction does erythromycin alone cause?

A

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

31
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen?

A

Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

32
Q

What GI reaction does Isoniazid (INH) alone cause?

A

Hepatitis

33
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

34
Q

What are 4 potential reproductive/endocrine drug reactions?

A

(1) Adrenocortical insufficiency (2) Hot flashes (3) Hyperglycemia (4) Hypothyroidism

35
Q

With what drug is Adrenocortical insufficiency associated, and in what context?

A

HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal

36
Q

What 2 drugs cause Hot flashes?

A

Tamoxifen, clomiphene

37
Q

What 6 drugs Hyperglycemia?

A

(1) Tacrolimus, (2) Protease inhibitors, (3) Niacin, (4) HCTZ, (5) Beta-blockers, (6) Corticosteroids; Think: “Taking Pills Necessitates Having Blood Checked”

38
Q

What 3 drugs cause Hypothyroidism?

A

(1) Lithium, (2) Amiodarone, (3) Sulfonamides

39
Q

What one reaction does glucocorticoid withdrawal alone cause?

A

Adrenocortical insufficiency

40
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Tamoxifen, clomiphene?

A

Hot flashes

41
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Niacin, tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, HCTZ, beta-blockers, corticosteroids?

A

Hyperglycemia

42
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides?

A

Hypothyroidism

43
Q

What 2 drugs cause Thrombocytopenia?

A

(1) Heparin, (2) Cimetidine

44
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Heparin, Cimetidine?

A

Thrombocytopenia

45
Q

What 5 drugs cause Diarrhea?

A

(1) Metformin, (2) Erythromycin, (3) Colchicine, (4) Orlistat, (5) Acarbose; Think: “Might Excite Colon on Accident”

46
Q

What 6 drugs cause Pancreatitis?

A

(1) Didanosine, (2) Corticosteroids, (3) Alcohol, (4) Valproic acid, (5) Azathioprine, (6) Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ); Think: “Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”

47
Q

Which antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C. difficile?

A

Clindamycin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporins (i.e., those that cause Pseudomembranous colitis)

48
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose?

A

Diarrhea

49
Q

What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)?

A

Pancreatitis

FA - Pharmacology (14 decks)

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