Pharm - Toxicities and Side Effects (Drug reactions Part I: Cardio, Endo/Repro, GI, Hematologic) Flashcards
Pg. 252-253 in First Aid 2014 Pg. 240-241 in First Aid 2013 Sections include: -Drug reactions-cardiovascular -Drug reactions-endocrine/reproductive -Drug reactions-GI -Drug reactions-hematologic
What are 4 potential cardiovascular drug reactions to keep in mind?
(1) Cornoary vasospasm (2) Cutaneous flushing (3) Dilated cardiomyopathy (4) Tosades de pointes
What 3 drugs cause coronary vasospasm?
(1) Cocaine, (2) sumatriptan, (3) ergot alkaloids
What 4 drugs cause cutaneous flushing?
(1) Vancomycin, (2) Adenosine, (3) Niacin, (4) Ca2+ channel blockers; Think: “VANC = VANComycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ blockers”
What 2 drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
(1) Doxorubicin, (2) Daunorubicin
What 5 drugs cause Torsades de pointes?
(1) Class III (e.g., sotalol) and (2) class IA (e.g., quinidine) antiarrhythmics, (3) Macrolide antibiotics, (4) Antipsychotics, (5) TCAs
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Cocaine, sumatriptan, and ergot alkaloids?
Coronary vasospasm
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers?
Cutaneous flushing
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Class III (sotalol) and Class IA (quinidine) antiarrhythmics, Macrolide antibiotics, Antipsychotics, TCAs?
Torsades de pointes
What are 8 potential hematologic drug reactions?
(1) Agranulocytosis (2) Aplastic anemia (3) Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia (4) Gray baby syndrome (5) Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients (6) Megaloblastic anemia (7) Thrombocytopenia (8) Thrombotic complications
What 6 drugs cause Agranulocytosis?
(1) Dapsone, (2) Clozapine, (3) Carbamezapine, (4) Colchicine, (5) Methimazole, (6) Propylthiouracil; Think: “Drugs CCCrush Myeloblasts and Promyelocytes”
What 6 drugs cause Aplastic anemia?
(1) Carbamazepine, (2) Methimazole, (3) NSAIDs, (4) Benezene, (5) Chloramenphenicol, (6) Propylthiouracil; Think: “Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly”
What 2 drugs cause Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia?
(1) Methyldopa, (2) Penicillin
What drug causes Gray baby syndrome?
Chloramphenicol
What 7 drugs cause Hemolysis in G6PD deficient patients?
(1) Isoniazid (INH), (2) Sulfonamides, (3) Dapsone, (4) Primaquine, (5) Aspirin, (6) Ibuprofen, (7) Nitrofurantoin; Think: “Hemolysis IS D PAIN”
What 3 drugs cause Megaloblastic anemia?
(1) Phenytoin, (2) Methotrexate, (3) Sulfa drugs; Think: “having a BLAST with PMS”
What drug causes Thrombotic complications?
OCPs (e.g., estrogens)
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamezapine, Colchicine, Methimazole, Propylthiouracil?
Agranulocytosis
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benezene, Chloramenphenicol, Propylthiouracil?
Aplastic Anemia
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Methyldopa, Penicillin?
Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia
What one drug reaction does Chloramphenicol alone cause?
Gray baby syndrome
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin?
Hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs?
Megaloblastic anemia
What one reaction do OCPs (e.g., estrogens) cause?
Thrombotic complications
What are 6 potential GI drug reactions?
(1) Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice (2) Diarrhea (3) Focal to massive hepatic necrosis (4) Hepatitis (5) Pancreatitis (6) Pseudomembranous colitis
What drug causes acute cholestatic hepatitis/jaundice?
Erythromycin
What 4 drugs/toxins cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?
(1) Halothane, (2) Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), (3) Valproic acid, (4) Acetaminophen; Think: “Liver ‘HAVAc’”
What drug causes hepatitis?
Isoniazid (INH)
What 3 drugs cause pseudomembranous colitis?
(1) Clindamycin, (2) Ampicillin, (3) Cephalosporins
What GI drug reaction does erythromycin alone cause?
Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Halothane, Amanita phalloides, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen?
Focal to massive hepatic necrosis
What GI reaction does Isoniazid (INH) alone cause?
Hepatitis
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: clindamycin, ampicillin, cephalosporins?
Pseudomembranous colitis
What are 4 potential reproductive/endocrine drug reactions?
(1) Adrenocortical insufficiency (2) Hot flashes (3) Hyperglycemia (4) Hypothyroidism
With what drug is Adrenocortical insufficiency associated, and in what context?
HPA suppression secondary to glucocorticoid withdrawal
What 2 drugs cause Hot flashes?
Tamoxifen, clomiphene
What 6 drugs Hyperglycemia?
(1) Tacrolimus, (2) Protease inhibitors, (3) Niacin, (4) HCTZ, (5) Beta-blockers, (6) Corticosteroids; Think: “Taking Pills Necessitates Having Blood Checked”
What 3 drugs cause Hypothyroidism?
(1) Lithium, (2) Amiodarone, (3) Sulfonamides
What one reaction does glucocorticoid withdrawal alone cause?
Adrenocortical insufficiency
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Tamoxifen, clomiphene?
Hot flashes
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Niacin, tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, HCTZ, beta-blockers, corticosteroids?
Hyperglycemia
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides?
Hypothyroidism
What 2 drugs cause Thrombocytopenia?
(1) Heparin, (2) Cimetidine
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Heparin, Cimetidine?
Thrombocytopenia
What 5 drugs cause Diarrhea?
(1) Metformin, (2) Erythromycin, (3) Colchicine, (4) Orlistat, (5) Acarbose; Think: “Might Excite Colon on Accident”
What 6 drugs cause Pancreatitis?
(1) Didanosine, (2) Corticosteroids, (3) Alcohol, (4) Valproic acid, (5) Azathioprine, (6) Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ); Think: “Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress”
Which antibiotics predispose to superinfection by resistant C. difficile?
Clindamycin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporins (i.e., those that cause Pseudomembranous colitis)
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose?
Diarrhea
What one reaction do all of the following drugs cause: Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (furosemide, HCTZ)?
Pancreatitis
