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FA - Pharmacology > Pharm - Autonomic Drugs (Autonomic Drugs Overview) > Flashcards

Pharm - Autonomic Drugs (Autonomic Drugs Overview) Flashcards

Pg. 243-244 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Central and peripheral nervous system -ACh receptors -G-protein linked 2nd messengers

1
Q

What is unique about the adrenal medulla in terms of its innervation? What other structure(s) share(s) this quality?

A

Note that the adrenal medulla and sweat glands are part of the sympathetic nervous system but are innervated by cholinergic fibers. (also note that the adrenal medulla is innervated by a single neuron rather than typical neuron pair)

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2
Q

What neurological effect does botulinum toxin have?

A

Botulinum toxin prevents release of neurotransmitter at all cholinergic terminals

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3
Q

What branch(es) of the nervous system innervates cardiac muscle? What other parts of the body share the same innervation as cardiac muscle? Draw their innervation.

A

Parasympathetic & Sympathetic; Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals; See p. 243 in First aid 2014 for visual for Parasympathetic and Sympathetic innervation

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4
Q

What branch of the nervous system innervates sweat glands? What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?

A

Sympathetic; (1) ACh (2) ACh (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) Muscarinic ACh receptor

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5
Q

Draw the innervation of sweat glands.

A

See p. 243 in First aid 2014 for visual

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6
Q

For parasympathetic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, nerve terminals: What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?

A

(1) ACh (2) ACh (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) Muscarinic ACh receptor

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7
Q

For sympathetic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, nerve terminals: What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?

A

(1) ACh (2) NE (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) alpha, Beta receptors

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8
Q

For sympathetic innervation of renal vasculature, smooth muscle: What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?

A

(1) ACh (2) Dopamine (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) D1 receptor

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9
Q

What branch of the nervous system innervates the renal vasculature? What other part(s) of the body shares the same innervation? Draw this innervation.

A

Sympathetic; Renal vasculature, smooth muscle; See p. 243 in First Aid 2014 for visual

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter is released onto the adrenal medulla? What receptor accepts it? What does the adrenal medulla release?

A

ACh; Nicotinic ACh receptor; Epi, NE

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11
Q

What branch of the nervous system innervates the renal vasculature? Draw this innervation.

A

Sympathetic; See p. 243 in First Aid 2014 for visual

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is released onto skeletal muscle? What transmits it? What receptor accepts it?

A

ACh; Voluntary motor nerve; Nicotinic ACh receptor

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13
Q

What branch of the nervous system innervates skeletal muscle?

A

Somatic

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14
Q

What is the general mechanism of Nicotinic ACh receptors?

A

Nicotinic ACh receptors are ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels

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15
Q

What are the subtypes of Nicotinic ACh receptors, and where is each found?

A

(1) Nn (found in autonomic ganglia) and (2) Nm (found in neuromuscular junction) subtypes

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16
Q

What is the general mechanism of Muscarinic ACh receptors?

A

Muscarinic ACh receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that usually act through 2nd messengers

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17
Q

What are the subtypes of Muscarinic ACh receptors?

A

5 subtypes: M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5

18
Q

List the sympathetic receptors and the g-protein class for each.

A

(1) alpha 1: q (2) alpha 2: i (3) beta 1: s (4) beta 2: s; Think: “qiss” in “QISS (kiss) and QIQ (kick) till you’re SIQ (sick) of SQS (super qinky sex)”

19
Q

What are the major functions of alpha 1 receptor?

A

Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, Increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), Increase intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction

20
Q

What are the major functions of alpha 2 receptor?

A

Decrease sympathetic outflow, Decrease insulin release, Decrease lipolysis, Increase platelet aggregation

21
Q

What are the major functions of beta 1 receptor?

A

Increase heart rate, contractility, lipolysis, & renin release

22
Q

What are the major functions of beta 2 receptor?

A

Vasodilation, bronchodilation, Decrease uterine tone (tocolysis), Ciliary muscle relaxation; Increase aqueous humor production; Increase lipolysis contractility, lipolysis, & insulin release

23
Q

List the parasympathetic receptors that are associated with G-protein linked 2nd messengers and the g-protein class for each.

A

(1) M1: q (2) M2: i (3) M3: q; Think: “qiq” in “QISS (kiss) and QIQ (kick) till you’re SIQ (sick) of SQS (super qinky sex)”

24
Q

What are the major functions of M1 receptor?

A

CNS, enteric nervous system

25
Q

What are the major functions of M2 receptor?

A

Decrease heart rate and contractility of atria

26
Q

What are the major functions of M3 receptor

A

Increased exocrine gland secretions (e.g., lacrimal, salivary, gastric acid), Increase gut peristalsis, Increase bladder contraction, Bronchoconstriction, Increase pupillary muscle sphincter contraction (miosis), Ciliary muscle contraction (accommodation)

27
Q

What are the dopamine, histamine, and vasopression receptors? What g protein class is associated with each?

A

Dopamine - (1) D1: s (2) D2: i; Histamine: (1) H1: q (2) H2: s; Vasopressin - (1) V1: q (2) V2: s; Think: “siq” and “sqs” in “QISS (kiss) and QIQ (kick) till you’re SIQ (sick) of SQS (super qinky sex)”

28
Q

What is (are) the major function(s) of D1 receptor?

A

Relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

29
Q

What is (are) the major function(s) of D2 receptor?

A

Modulates transmitter release, especially in brain

30
Q

What is (are) the major function(s) of H1 receptor?

A

Increase nasal and bronchial mucus production, Increase vascular permeability, Contraction of bronchioles, Pruritus, and Pain

31
Q

What is (are) the major function(s) of H2 receptor?

A

Increase gastric acid secretion

32
Q

What is (are) the major function(s) of V1 receptor?

A

Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction

33
Q

What is (are) the major function(s) of V2 receptor?

A

Increase H2O permeability and reabsorption in the collecting tubules of the kidney; Think: “V2 is found in the 2 kidneys”

34
Q

What receptors signal through Gq?

A

H1, alpha1, V1, M1, M3; Think: “HAVe 1 M&M”

35
Q

What receptors signal through Gs?

A

Beta 1, Beta 2, D1, H2, V2

36
Q

What receptors signal through Gi?

A

M2, alpha2, D2; Think: “MAD 2’s”

37
Q

Through what second messenger does Gq signal? Draw out the mechanism and its effects.

A

Phospholipase C; See p. 244 in First Aid 2014 for diagram at bottom of page

38
Q

Through what second messenger does Gs signal? Draw out the mechanism and its effects.

A

Adenylyl cyclase: ATP => cAMP; See p. 244 in First Aid 2014 for diagram at bottom of page

39
Q

Through what second messenger does Gi signal? Draw out the mechanism and its effects.

A

Adenylyl cyclase: ATP => cAMP; See p. 244 in First Aid 2014 for diagram at bottom of pagepage

40
Q

What are 2 downstream effects of Gq signaling?

A

(1) (Activate) Protein kinase C (2) Increase intracellular [Ca2+] => smooth muscle contraction

41
Q

What are 2 downstream effects of Gs signaling, and where do take place?

A

(1) Increase intracellular [Ca2+] (heart) (2) Inhibit myosin light-chain kinase (smooth muscle)

FA - Pharmacology (14 decks)

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