Pharm - Autonomic Drugs (Autonomic Drugs Overview) Flashcards
Pg. 243-244 in First Aid 2014 Sections include: -Central and peripheral nervous system -ACh receptors -G-protein linked 2nd messengers
What is unique about the adrenal medulla in terms of its innervation? What other structure(s) share(s) this quality?
Note that the adrenal medulla and sweat glands are part of the sympathetic nervous system but are innervated by cholinergic fibers. (also note that the adrenal medulla is innervated by a single neuron rather than typical neuron pair)
What neurological effect does botulinum toxin have?
Botulinum toxin prevents release of neurotransmitter at all cholinergic terminals
What branch(es) of the nervous system innervates cardiac muscle? What other parts of the body share the same innervation as cardiac muscle? Draw their innervation.
Parasympathetic & Sympathetic; Cardiac and smooth muscle, gland cells, nerve terminals; See p. 243 in First aid 2014 for visual for Parasympathetic and Sympathetic innervation
What branch of the nervous system innervates sweat glands? What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?
Sympathetic; (1) ACh (2) ACh (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) Muscarinic ACh receptor
Draw the innervation of sweat glands.
See p. 243 in First aid 2014 for visual
For parasympathetic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, nerve terminals: What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?
(1) ACh (2) ACh (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) Muscarinic ACh receptor
For sympathetic innervation of cardiac and smooth muscle, glands, nerve terminals: What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?
(1) ACh (2) NE (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) alpha, Beta receptors
For sympathetic innervation of renal vasculature, smooth muscle: What is the neurotransmitter released by its (1) pre-synaptic and (2) post-synaptic neurons? What kind of receptors are its (3) post-synaptic neuron and (4) end-organ receptors?
(1) ACh (2) Dopamine (3) Nicotinic ACh receptor (4) D1 receptor
What branch of the nervous system innervates the renal vasculature? What other part(s) of the body shares the same innervation? Draw this innervation.
Sympathetic; Renal vasculature, smooth muscle; See p. 243 in First Aid 2014 for visual
What neurotransmitter is released onto the adrenal medulla? What receptor accepts it? What does the adrenal medulla release?
ACh; Nicotinic ACh receptor; Epi, NE
What branch of the nervous system innervates the renal vasculature? Draw this innervation.
Sympathetic; See p. 243 in First Aid 2014 for visual
What neurotransmitter is released onto skeletal muscle? What transmits it? What receptor accepts it?
ACh; Voluntary motor nerve; Nicotinic ACh receptor
What branch of the nervous system innervates skeletal muscle?
Somatic
What is the general mechanism of Nicotinic ACh receptors?
Nicotinic ACh receptors are ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels
What are the subtypes of Nicotinic ACh receptors, and where is each found?
(1) Nn (found in autonomic ganglia) and (2) Nm (found in neuromuscular junction) subtypes
What is the general mechanism of Muscarinic ACh receptors?
Muscarinic ACh receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that usually act through 2nd messengers
What are the subtypes of Muscarinic ACh receptors?
5 subtypes: M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5
List the sympathetic receptors and the g-protein class for each.
(1) alpha 1: q (2) alpha 2: i (3) beta 1: s (4) beta 2: s; Think: “qiss” in “QISS (kiss) and QIQ (kick) till you’re SIQ (sick) of SQS (super qinky sex)”
What are the major functions of alpha 1 receptor?
Increase vascular smooth muscle contraction, Increase pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), Increase intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction
What are the major functions of alpha 2 receptor?
Decrease sympathetic outflow, Decrease insulin release, Decrease lipolysis, Increase platelet aggregation
What are the major functions of beta 1 receptor?
Increase heart rate, contractility, lipolysis, & renin release
What are the major functions of beta 2 receptor?
Vasodilation, bronchodilation, Decrease uterine tone (tocolysis), Ciliary muscle relaxation; Increase aqueous humor production; Increase lipolysis contractility, lipolysis, & insulin release
List the parasympathetic receptors that are associated with G-protein linked 2nd messengers and the g-protein class for each.
(1) M1: q (2) M2: i (3) M3: q; Think: “qiq” in “QISS (kiss) and QIQ (kick) till you’re SIQ (sick) of SQS (super qinky sex)”
What are the major functions of M1 receptor?
CNS, enteric nervous system
