Pharm Test 6

Question 1

3 Characteristics of Adrenergic Agonists

Answer 1

1) Catecholamines- 2 OH groups off ring, high potency at beta receptors, rapid inactivation in gut (MAO and COMT), does not enter CNS
2) Noncatecholamines- 1 or less OH group, longer duration (only broken by MAO), more lipid soluble to enter CNS
3) Substitutions on Amine Nitrogen- longer the chain= higher affinity for beta receptors

Question 2

3 Types of Adrenergic Agonists

Answer 2

1) Direct-acting: binds to receptor
2) Indirect-acting: doesn’t bind to receptor, but increase concentration of agonist
3) Mixed-action: both

Question 3

Direct-Acting Adrenergic Agonists (6)

Answer 3

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol, phenylephrine

Question 4

Indirect-Acting Adrenergic Agonists (3)

Answer 4

cause release, inhibit uptake, inhibit degradation to increase concentration of agonist
3- amphetamine, cocaine, tyramine

Question 5

Mixed-Action Adrenergic Agonists (2)

Answer 5

release stored NE (indirect) and directly stimulate receptors (direct), increase cardiac and vasoconstriction, increase SBP and DBP
2- ephedrine, pseudoephedrine

Question 6

Dopaminergic Agonists (1)

Answer 6

act on brain, heart, beta receptors,..

Levodopa

Question 7

Adverse Effects of Adrenergic Agonists

Answer 7

arrhythmias, headache, hyperactivity, insomnia, nausea, tremors (unwatned fight/flight)

Question 8

Alpha Blockers

Answer 8

vasodilator, decrease BP= reflex tachycardia
3- nonselective alpha blockers, selective alpha 1, selective alpha2
side effects- orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, dizzy, low sex

Question 9

Beta Blockers

Answer 9

competitive, good for hypertension because we don’t get baroreceptor reflex, reduce CO/renin, increase bronchoconstriciton/vascular tone
4- nonselective beta, selective beta1, selective beta 2 with partial agonist, nonselective beta blocker with alpha1 blocking

Question 10

Epinephrine Dose

Answer 10

CPR= 1 mg 3-5 min
Bradycardia= 2-10 micrograms/min

Question 11

Norepinephrine Dose

Answer 11

.5-12 micrograms/min

Question 12

Phenylephrine Dose

Answer 12

IV bolus= 50-500 micrograms

IV infusion= 10-15 mg in 250 mL OR 40-60 micrograms/ml