Pharm Test 4

Question 1

Enteric Nervous System

Answer 1

innervates GI, gallbladder, pancreas

independent of CNS, uses myenteric and submucosal plexus

Question 2

Things that only receive Sympathetic

Answer 2

blood vessels (constrict/dilate/BP), sweat glands(uses ACh with muscarinic receptors), pilomotor, and medulla (only pre ganglion to medulla, release Epi and no post gang)

Question 3

SLUDD

Answer 3

salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defecation

Question 4

Input to Cardiovascular Brain Center

Answer 4

from other parts of brain, proprioceptors (joint), baroreceptors, chemoreceptors

Question 5

Output from Cardiovascular Center

Answer 5

1) vagus nerve (para to lower HR/contractility)
2) cardiac accelerator nerve (symp to increase HR/contractility)
3) vasomotor nerve (symp -ACh, muscarinic- to vasoconstrict)

Question 6

Presynaptic Regulation

Answer 6

1) auto regulation (response to the chemical it releases)

2) heteroreceptor (response to chemicals from other cells)

Question 7

Postsynaptic Regulation

Answer 7

up/down regulation and modulation

Question 8

Acetylcholine Sites of action

Answer 8

all preganglion, all para post (plus symp post for sweat glands), and somatic skeletal muscles

Question 9

Cholinergic Neurotransmission 6 Step

Answer 9

1) choline + acetyl coenzyme A = ACh (in cytosol)
2) ACh actively transported into vesicle with ATP, proteoglycan
3) Action potential travels down neuron, Ca comes in and vesicle releases ACh
4) ACh binds to receptors on target cell and presynaptic membrane
5) ACh + acteylocholinesterase = choline + acetate
6) Na brings choline back into presynaptic neuron

Question 10

Cholinoceptors

Answer 10

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 11

Muscarinic Receptors

Answer 11

-all parasympathetic postganglion effector organs (cardiac, smooth muscle, glands) and sweat gland (symp)
-g protein coupled cascade
-parasympathomimetic
M1- gastric M2- cardiac/smooth M3- vascular smooth, glands, bladder

Question 12

Nicotinic Receptors

Answer 12

• all pre ganglion, CNS, adrenal medulla, somatic (NMJ)
• ligand gated ion channels for Na (depolarized cell)
• high concentrations of nicotine block receptor

Question 13

Direct vs Indirect acting Cholinergic activating drugs

Answer 13

direct- agonist binds to receptor

indirect- drug binds to AChE to allow ACh to stay longer

Question 14

Direct Acting Nicotinic Agonist

Answer 14

Nicotine (nicoderm, nicorette)

Question 15

Direct Acting Nicotinic/Muscarinic Agonist

Answer 15

carbachol (miostat)

Question 16

Direct Acting Muscarinic Agonist

Answer 16

bethanechol (Urecholine)

pilocarpine (salagen)

Question 17

Indirect Acting Reversible Cholinergic Agonists

Answer 17

edrophonium (enlon)
physostigmine
neostigmine
pyridostigmine

Question 18

Indirect Acting Irreversible Cholinergic Agonist

Answer 18

ecothiophate (this is an organophosphate)

Question 19

Organophosphate Poisoning Therapy

Answer 19

pralidoxime (2-PAM)

atropine