Pharm of Behavior-Modifying Drugs Flashcards
Function of Monoamine Oxidase (e.g., Anipryl)
Breaks down monamine NTs - canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome
MoA of Selegiline, a Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B)
Selegiline = MAO INHIBITOR — STOPS breakdown of NTs like serotonin
Clinical effects of Selegiline
Stops breakdown of NTs -> improves sleeping patterns, house-soiling frequency, activity levels; improved spatial memory in dogs
What can and can’t Selegilline be combined with?
CAN: benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants
CAN’T: SSRIs (at least 2 weeks!), other MAO-Is, Alpha-2 agonists
Tricyclinc anti-depressants (TCAs) MoA?
SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibition), Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Anti-histaminic (drowsiness)
What is Clomipramine? Used for what?
A TCA class drug. Used in separation anxiety in dogs > 6 months old.
Venlafaxine?
SNRI for cats - fear, aggression, house-soiling
Common side effects of SNRIs, SSRI, TCAs
GI effects, lower seizure threshold, insomnia
Drug class of Fluoxetine? On-label and off-label use?
SSRI
On-label = separation anxiety in dogs
Off-label = behavior modification
Inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine (SNRI) has what function? Functions of each NT?
Anxiolytic (reduce anxiety)
- Norepinephrine = fight/flight (amygdala activation)
- Serotonin = (regulate mood, sleep, body temp)
What is serotonin syndrome? Antidote?
Excess [serotonin] -> TACHYCARDIA, HYPERTENSION, HYPERSALIVATION, AGITATION; TREMORS, SEIZURES
Antidote = Cyproheptadine (serotonin antagonist - blocks 5-HT2A receptor with no action -> increase circulation of serotonin)
SSRI drug function
sympathomimetic drug -> increase serotonin release
opposite: acepromazine blocks serotonin receptors
SARI - function & most common drug?
Serotonin Antagonist and Re-uptake Inhibitor - antagonize 5-HT2A receptor & alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist, + inhibit re-uptake of serotonin & norepi. –> increase circualtion of serotonin + norepi
ANTI-DEPRESSANT!
Antihistamine (drowsiness)
TRAZODONE!! (side effect = drowsiness)
When to use a calcium channel blocker like Gabapentin?
When PAIN is a suspected component of pt’s anxiety. Potentiates effects of alpha-2 agonists.
Function of Alpha-2 agonists?
inhibit release of norepi, ACh -> decreased sympathetic tone. NO analgesic effects!
Benzodiazepine MoA? Use for anxiety?
Prevent GABA dissociating from receptor -> Cl channel stays open // influx of Cl-
Situational anxiety!
Why should you not use Acepromazine by itself?
Causes sedation, BUT IS NOT AN ANXIOLYTIC!!
Why should Chlorpromazine not be used in horses?
Horse can experience agitation, excitement -> horse loses balance and falls over -> dangerous for surrounding people + horse can injure themselves
Why should Fluphenazine not be used in horses?
Can have severe paradoxical reactions (sweating, agitation, circling, severe stupor episodes!, aggression!!!)
Why should Reserpine not be used in horses?
Use: sedative, agalactia
COLIC! GI upset.
Severe hypotension (anesthesia).
If given for sedation, do PO, not IM (prolonged effects)
Which drugs block the serotonin type 2A receptor?
SARIs (trazodone, cyproheptadine)
