PHARM GROUP 6 Flashcards
NOREPINEPHRINE (LEVOPHED)
MOA:
DIRECT STIMULATION OF ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS CAUSING VASOCONSTRICTION, DIRECT STIMULATION OF BETA-1 RECEPTORS, NO BETA-2 ACTIVITY
INDICATIONS:
HYPOTENSIVE STATES (SHOCK), POST OP HYPOTENSION
ADMINISTRATION:
CONTINUOUS INFUSION
NOT USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS BECAUSE IT DOES NOT AFFECT THE LUNGS
WHAT EFFECT DOES ADRENERGIC STIMULATION HAVE ON THE LIVER, KIDNEYS, GI, AND GU SYSTEMS ?
LIVER (ALPHA-1, BETA-2)
- GLYCOGENOLYSIS (BREAKING DOWN GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE)
KIDNEY (BETA-1)
- INCREASED RENIN SECRETION
GI MUSCLE (ALPHA-1, BETA-1)
- DECREASED MOTILITY
GU BLADDER, SPHINCTER (ALPHA-1)
- SPHINCTER CONSTRICTION
ESTROGEN- PROGESTIN CHC
ESTROGEN
COMPONENTS:
SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN (ETHINYL ESTRADIOL) AND SOMETIMES MESTRANOL IN OLDER/HIGH DOSE PRODUCTS
MOA:
- PREVENTS THE FORMATION OF A DOMINANT FOLLICLE BY SUPRESSING FSH (FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE)
- INHIBITS LH (LUTEINIZING HORMONE)
- STABILIZES THE ENDOMETRIUM TO REDUCE IRREGULAR BLEEDING AND HEAVY MENSTRUATION
PROGESTIN
COMPONENTS:
VARIOUS FORMS INCLUDING NORETHINDRONE, LEVONORGESTREL, AND DESOGESTREL
MOA:
- BALANCES THE EFFECTS OF ESTROGEN
- ALTARS THE ENDOMETRAIL LINING TO MAKE IT LESS FAVORABLE FOR IMPLANTATION
- SUPPRESSES LH SURGE AND PREVENTS OVULATION
WHAT IS THE NEUROTRANSMITTER IN THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM ?
ACETYLCHOLINE
WHAT ARE THE OTHER DRUGS FOR ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AND HOW DO THEY DIFFER FROM SILDENAFIL ?
- VARDENAFIL (LEVITRA)
- TADALAFIL (CIALIS)
CAN BE TAKEN WITHOUT NEEDING TO TIME DOSES BEFORE SEX
KEY DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH LOOP DIURETICS
AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND VANCOMYCIN
- ADDITIVE NEPHRO AND OTO TOXICITY
CORTICOSTEROIDS AND DIGOXIN
- INCREASES RISK OF HYPOKALEMIA
LITHIUM
- DECREASES RENAL EXCRETION
NSAID’S
- INHIBITION OF PROSTAGLANDINS
EFFECTS OF CAI’S (CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS)
- DECREASES AVAILABILITY OF HYDROGENS
- CAN INDUCE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS OR RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
WHAT IS THE MOA OF SILDENAFIL (VIAGRA) IN TREATING ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION ?
SILDENAFIL INHIBITS PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE 5 (PDE5), INCREASING cGMI LEVELS. WHICH RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLE AND IMPROVES BLOOD FLOW TO THE PENIS
HOW DO DIRECT ACTING CHOLINERGIC DRUGS WORK ?
STIMULATE THE POST-SYNAPTIC NERVE CELL BY DIRECTLY RELEASING ACETYLCHOLINE AT THE RECEPTOR SITE, PROMOTING EFFECTS SUCH AS INCREASED GI MOTILITY AND BLADDER CONTRACTION
WHAT SHOULD BE CHECKED BEFORE ADMINISTERING MANNITOL IV ?
INSPECT FOR CRYSTALLIZATION AND ALWAYS USE A FILTER
WHAT IS BPH AND WHAT ARE ITS COMMON SYMPTOMS ?
THE ENLARGEMENT OF THE PROSTATE, LEADING TO URINARY OUTFLOW OBSTRUCTION
SYMPTOMS
- URINARY FREQUENCY
- DRIBBLING
- NOCTURIA
MOA OF LOOP DIURETICS
BLOCK THE REABSORPTION OF CHLORIDE AND SODIUM IN THE LOOP OF HENLE, RESULTING IN INCREASED URINE OUTPUT
ACTIVATE RENAL PROSTAGLANDINS, CAUSING VASODILATION OF BLOOD VESSELS IN KIDNEYS, LUNGS, AND BODY
WHO SHOULDNT RECEIVE TESTOSTERONE THERAPY ?
PATIENTS WITH…
- SEVERE RENAL, CARDIAC, OR HEPATIC DISEASE
- MALE BREAST CANCER
- PROSTATE CANCER
- DRUG ALLERGY
- GENITAL BLEEDING
MAIN TYPES OF DIURETICS
- POTASSIUM- WASTING DIURETICS
- THIAZIDES, LOOP DIURETICS, OSMOTIC, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS - POTASSIUM - SPARING DIURETICS
- COMBINATION DIURETICS WITH ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
SIDE EFFECTS OF CHC INCREASED AND DECREASED ESTROGEN
INCREASED:
- CYCLIC BREAST CHANGES (TENDER/SWELLING)
- DYSMENORRHEA (PAINFUL PERIODS)
- MENORRHAGIA (HEAVY BLEEDING)
- CHLOASMA
- VTE (VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM) WHICH INCREASES RISK OF BLOOD CLOTS
DECREASED:
- AMENORRHEA (ABSENCE OF PERIOD)
- BREAKTHROUGH BLEEDING
