PHARM GROUP 3 Flashcards
TERIPARATIDE (FORTEO)
MOA: acts similarly to parathyroid hormone, stimulating bone formation by modulating the body’s metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
INDICATIONS: treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women and men at high risk fractures
CONTRAINDICATIONS: drug allergy, caution in patients with a history of bone cancer, radiation therapy, or Paget’s disease
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
COMMON- chest pain and dizziness
LESS COMMON - hypercalcemia, nausea, arthralgia (joint pain)
DOBUTAMINE (DOBUTREX)
CLASS: Beta-1 Adrenergic
INDICATION: cardiac decompensation
MOA: increase in cardiac output by increase of contractility (increase in inotrope), increase in stroke volume
ADVERSE EFFECTS: headache, restlessness, HTN, tachycardia, palps, dysrhythmias
IV ONLY CONTINUOUS INFUSION !!
PATIENT ONLY ON FOR 48-72 HOURS
USED ON CHF PATIENTS
PROGESTIN
a synthetic hormone with similar effects to progesterone
FORMS:
1st generation - norethindrone, Norethindrone Acetate, Ethyndiol
2nd generation (most commonly used) - Noresthisterone, Levonorgestrel (LNG)
3rd generation (fewer effects on lipids and carbs, fewer androgenic side effects)- Desogestrel, Gestodene, norgestimate
MOA: makes the endometrium less suitable for implantation
- balances the estrogen effects and suppresses LH to prevent ovulation
YASMIN
Monophasic pill containing ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
liver, kidney, or adrenal insufficiency, long-term use with NSAID’s, Potassium sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARB’s
May increase potassium levels
Primary functions of testosterone in the body ?
testosterone controls male primary and secondary sex characteristics, promotes bone and muscle growth, inhibits protein catabolism, and stimulates RBC production
advantages and disadvantages of oral contraceptive pills
ADVANTAGES
- reduction in menstrual cramps, blood loss, and risk of certain reproductive cancers
- management of conditions such as acne and endometriosis
DISADVANTAGES
- possible side effects like nausea, headaches, and mood changes
MENOPAUSE
DEFINITION
- the transitional process marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years, beginning in the mid 40s and ending in the mid 50s. Characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation
SYMPTOMS
- permanent cessation of menses
- insomnia
- hot flashes
- irritability
- vaginal dryness
indications for Furosemide (Lasix)
- pulmonary edema
- CHF
- liver disease
- nephrotic syndrome
- ascites
what is androderm and how is it applied ?
Androderm is a transdermal patch that mimics natural circadian rhythms of testosterone. it is applied to the skin (excluding the scrotum)
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR FUROSEMIDE (LASIX)
- hypersensitivity
- anuria
- hypovolemia
- electrolyte depletion
Contraceptive Administration Methods
ORAL:
ADVANTAGE - ease of use, high efficacy
DISADVANTAGE - requires daily adherence
TRANSDERMAL (ORTHO-EVRA)
- worn on stomach, buttocks, outer arm, upper torso, for 3 weeks, followed by 1 week off
- risk of skin irritation, less effective in women >198 pounds, increased risk of VTE
TRANSVAGINAL (NUVARING)
- inserted into the vagina for 3 weeks, removed for 1 week
- risk of VTE, vaginal irritation, backup contraception required if dislodged
ONSET OF ACTION FOR FUROSEMIDE (LASIX)
PO: 30-60 minutes
IV: 5 minutes
OXYTOCIN (PITOCIN)
- used to induce labor
- increases uterine contractility
SIDE EFFECTS
- HTN
- Dysrhythmias
- Hypercontraction of uterus
ADVERSE REACTION:
- seizures
- water intoxication
COMMON ADVERSE EFFECTS OF LOOP DIURETICS
- hypokalemia
- hypotension
- dehydration
- hyponatremia
- ototoxicity (with rapid IV administration)
what is the onset and half-life of Finasteride (Proscar) ?
Onset of Action: 3-12 months
Half-Life: 4-15 hours
