PHARM GROUP 1 Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY USES OF VASOACTIVE ADRENERGIC DRUGS ?
USED TO
- SUPPORT FAILING HEARTS
- TREAT SHOCK
- MANAGE ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
ESTRADIOL TRANSDERMAL SYSTEM
MENOSTAR
MOA: PROVIDES LOW DOSE ESTROGEN TO PREVENT POST-MENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
ADMINISTRATION: TRANSDERMAL PATCH, ONCE A WEEK
CONSIDERATIONS: RESERVED FOR WOMEN WHO CANT TOLERATE OTHER THERAPIES
- FOR WOMEN WITH AN INTACT UTERUS, PROGESTIN MAY BE RECOMMENDED EVERY 6-12 MONTHS TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA
WHY IS MAGNESIUM SULFATE USED OVER TERBUTALINE FOR PRE-TERM LABOR ?
MAGNESIUM SULFATE MAY BE SAFER AS IT INCREASES BLOOD FLOW TO THE UTERUS AND CAUSES LESS TACHYCARDIA, MAKING IT A PREFERRED OPTION FOR PRE-TERM LABOR AND PRE-ECLAMPSIA
WHAT MEDS FOR SYMPTOMATIC BRADYCARDIA ?
ATROPINE
FUNCTION OF THE SEMINEFEROUS TUBULES IN THE TESTES ?
THE SITE OF SPERMATOGENESIS, WHERE SPERM CELLS MATURE
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THIAZIDE DIURETICS
DIZZINESS
DEHYDRATION
HYPOKALEMIA
HYPONATREMIA
OPTIONS FOR EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
PLAN B - A PROGESTIN-ONLY PILL EFFECTIVE UP TO 72 HOURS POST-INTERCOURSE
CHC- IF THE PERSON IS ALREADY ON AN EFFECTIVE REGIMEN
COPPER IUD - CAN BE INSERTED WITHIN 5 DAYS OF UNPROTECTED
INTERCOURSE
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MANNITOL (OSMITROL)
CONVULSIONS
THRMBOPHLEBITIS
PULMONARY CONGESTION
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHOLINERGIC STIMULATION ON DIFFERENT ORGAN SYSTEMS ?
INCREASED GASTRIC SECRETIONS
MOTILITY
URINARY FREQUENCY
PUPIL CONSTRICTION (MIOSIS)
DECREASED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE
DECREASED HR
VASODILATION
INCREASED SECRETIONS AND BRONCHOCONSTRICTION
INCREASED CONTRACTION (NICOTINIC RECEPTOR EFFECT)
SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR
RALOXIFENE (EVISTA)
MOA: STIMULATES ESTROGEN RECEPTORS ON BONE TISSUE, INCREASING BONE DENSITY AND REDUCING THE RISK OF VERTEBRAL FRACTURES
INDICATIONS: PREVENTION OF POST-MENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS
- ALSO USED TO REDUCE THE RISK OF INVASIVE BREAST CANCER IN POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
- KNOWN DRUG ALLERGY
- PREGNANT/MAY BECOME PREGNANT (CATEGORY X)
- HISTORY/RISK OF THROMBOSIS
EX) DVT, PE
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- COMMON - HOT FLASHES AND LEG CRAMPS
- LESS COMMON -THROMBOEMBOLISM (BLOOD CLOTS), LEUKOPENIA (REDUCED WBC COUNT)
EPINEPHRINE (ADRENALIN)
MOA: ACTS DIRECTLY ON ALPHA AND BETA RECEPTORS OF TISSUES INNERVATED BY SNS, STRENGTHENS CARDIAC CONSTRICTION, CAUSES BRONCHODILATION, INCREASES HR AND CARDIAC OUTPUT
INDICATIONS:
- ANAPHYLAXIS
- CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
- SEVERE HYPOTENSION
- CARDIAC ARREST
ADMINISTRATION: GIVEN SQ, IV, IM
- NOT GIVEN PO DUE TO INACTIVATION IN GI TRACT
SIDE EFFECTS:
- NAUSEA
- VOMITING
- ANOREXIA
- WEAKNESS
- NERVOUSNESS
- TREMORS
- PALLOR
- AGITATION
- HEADACHE
- SWEATING
- DIZZINESS
ADVERSE EFFECTS:
- PALPITATIONS
- TACHYCARDIA
- DYSPNEA
- HTN
- NECROSIS/GANGRENE IF IV INFILTRATION OCCURS
LIFE THREATENING EFFECTS: V-FIB, PE
DRUG INTERACTIONS:
- INCREASED EFFECT WITH TCA AND MAOI
- DECREASED EFFECTS WITH BETA BLOCKERS
- METHYLDOPA AND DIGOXIN MAY CAUSE DYSRHYTHMIAS
TYPICALLY AN EMERGENCY MED
HOW DO OSMOTIC DIURETICS LIKE MANNITOL (OSMITROL) WORK ?
MANNITOL INHIBITS TUBULAR REABSORPTION OF WATER AND SOLUTES CAUSING RAPID DIURESIS AND REDUCING CELLULAR EDEMA
WHAT IS THE ANTIDOTE FOR A BETHANECHOL OVERDOSE AND WHAT ARE THE NURSING CONSIDERATIONS?
ATROPINE
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
- EARLY AMBULATION
- MONITORING VS AND URINE OUTPUT
- ASSESSING FOR CHOLINERGIC CRISIS (MUSCLE WEAKNESS, AND INCREASED SALIVATION)
HOW DO BARORECEPTORS AND HORMONES REGULATE BP ?
BARORECEPTORS
- LOCATED IN THE AORTIC ARCH AND CAROTID SINSUSES, THEY DETECT CHANGES IN BP
- WHEN BP FALLS, THEY RELEASE CATECHOLAMINES (NOREPINEPHRINE AND EPINEPHRINE) WHICH CAUSE VASOCONSTRICTION AND INCREASED BP
ADH
- WHNE BP IS LOW, THE HYPOTHALAMUS RELEASES ADH, PROMOTING WATER RETENTION BY THE KIDNEYS, THUS INCREASING BLOOD VOLUME AND BP
- WHEN BLOOD VOLUME IS TOO HIGH, ADH SECRETION DECREASES, LEADING TO WATER EXCRETION
HOW SHOULD FUROSEMIDE BE ADMINISTERED IV TO PREVENT OTOTOXICITY ?
ADMINISTER FUROSEMIDE IV AS A SLOW INJECTION
