Pharm - GI Drugs

Question 1

Do antacids neutralize acid?

Answer 1

Yeah

Question 2

Which type of antacid causes belching, and may even help to precipitate kidney stones?

Answer 2

Carbonates

Question 3

What is the suffix for H2 blockers?

Answer 3

-tidine (ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine, nizatidine)

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of ranitidine?

Answer 4

H2 blocker (blocks histamine receptor on parietal cells -> no acid secretion)

Question 5

Are H2 blockers reversible, or irreversible?

Answer 5

Reversible

Question 6

Name the five rare side effects of H2 blockers.

Answer 6

1. Headache
2. Nausea
3. Vomiting
4. Diarrhea
5. Abdominal pain

Question 7

H2 blockers are especially useful when taken at what time of day?

Answer 7

Bedtime/nighttime

Question 8

What is the mechanism of action of omeprazole?

Answer 8

Irreversibly binds and inhibits the H+/K+ ATPase on parietal cells (PPI)

Question 9

What are the side effects of PPIs?

Answer 9

1. Headache
2. Abdominal pain
3. Diarrhea
4. Bone fractures from decreased Ca++ absorption
5. CNS effects w/ chronic use

Question 10

What is the MOA of sucralfate?

Answer 10

Reacts with HCl to form a protective paste lining the stomach

Question 11

Can you combine sucralfate with PPIs or H2 blockers?

Answer 11

Hell no! It needs acid to form the protective barrier.

Question 12

If you give an old patient that is taking other meds sucralfate, what should you tell them?

Answer 12

Tell them to take their other meds two hours before or after the sucralfate, cuz sucralfate can inhibit absorption of other meds

Question 13

Name some indications for bismuth compounds.

Answer 13

Dyspepsia, diarrhea

Question 14

Name the side-effects of pepto-bismol.

Answer 14

Black stools, Reye’s syndrome

Question 15

What is the MOA of misoprostol?

Answer 15

PGE1 agonist; also agonizes prostaglandin receptors to decrease acid production by parietal cells and increase mucus and bicarb secretion in the stomach

Question 16

What are the side effects/contraindications of misoprostol?

Answer 16

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, causes uterine contractions and can induce premature labor

Question 17

What are the indications of use for metoclopramol?

Answer 17

It is an anti-emetic and promotes gastric motility (for patients w/ gastroparesis)

Question 18

What are the contraindications for metoclopramol?

Answer 18

Don’t give to patients with Parkinson’s or depression cuz it’ll make it worse.

Question 19

Should you give pancrelipases concurrently with PPIs? Why or why not?

Answer 19

Yeah, so the enzymes can make it past the acid in the stomach without getting denatured.