Obesity Flashcards
What BMI measurements correspond to the categories of overweight, obese, and morbidly obese?
Overweight is 25-29
Obese is 30-39
Morbidly obese is 40+
Name three health benefits of a 5-10% reduction in body fat.
- Decreased BP
- Improved serum lipid profile
- Improved glucose tolerance/decreased insulin resistance
What cell type makes leptin and what effect does leptin have on the hunger center in the hypothalamus?
Adipose makes it; it suppresses hunger
If leptin is made by adipose tissue and it acts to suppress hunger, then why don’t people that are obese have more hunger suppression so that they lose weight?
“Common obesity is a condition of leptin resistance!”
Name two hormones that act on the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus to stimulate production of POMC –> a-MSH. What is the effect on appetite of this neuropeptide? What is the effect on energy expenditure?
- Insulin
- Leptin
Result is suppression of appetite, increased energy expenditure.
Name the hormone that acts on the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus to stimulate production of NPY and agouti-related protein (AgRP). What is the effect on appetite of these neuropeptides? What is the effect on energy expenditure?
Ghrelin.
Result is appetite stimulation, decreased energy expenditure.
What happens to thyroid hormone when one loses weight?
Levels decrease –> decreased basal metabolic rate
What nutrient recommendations should be made to patients who have a roux-en-Y gastric bypass?
Supplement fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK), B12, calcium, and drink protein shakes
How is insulin sensitivity related to obesity? What about the relationship between insulin levels and obesity?
Insulin sensitivity increases with decreased fat mass, therefore insulin levels will fall as one loses weight.
What are the criteria for making the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome?
Need 3+ of the following:
- abdominal obesity
- increased triglyceride level (>150)
- low HDL
- high BP (=> 130/85)
- fasting glucose (110+)
