Nutrition

Question 1

What does vitamin C deficiency cause?

Answer 1

Scurvy

Question 2

Name some clinical manifestations of scurby.

Answer 2

1. Petechial hemorrhages around the perifollicular area
2. Gum disease
3. Tooth loss
4. Corkscrew hairs
5. Impaired wound healing

Question 3

In what populations is scurvy most often seen in the US?

Answer 3

Older men, alcoholics

Question 4

In what population is thiamine deficiency most often seen?

Answer 4

Alcoholics

Question 5

In a patient with malnutrition, should you give thiamine, or dextrose first?

Answer 5

Give thiamine first so they don’t become more acidotic.

Question 6

What causes beri-beri?

Answer 6

Thiamine deficiency

Question 7

Morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum can be treated with this vitamin.

Answer 7

B6

Question 8

Folic acid is important in pregnancy to prevent…?

Answer 8

neural tube defects

Question 9

What physiological process does vitamin A help with?

Answer 9

vision, esp. night vision

Question 10

What is the main role of vitamin E?

Answer 10

Anti-oxidant

Question 11

Vitamin D is important in ______ homeostasis.

Answer 11

calcium

Question 12

What happens if you get too much fluoride?

Answer 12

Teeth get white or brown discoloration (called fluorosis)

Question 13

Is ferritin an acute phase reactant?

Answer 13

Yeah dog

Question 14

Why are babies given a vitamin K injection at birth?

Answer 14

They don’t have gut flora to make vitamin K, we don’t want them to get a brain bleed

Question 15

Do people’s appetites decrease when they get older?

Answer 15

Yeah

Question 16

Define the estimated average requirement (EAR).

Answer 16

Average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirements of HALF of the healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 17

If there is too much acid in the small intestine, what happens to bile salts?

Answer 17

They get protonated and are less able to form mixed micelles -> fat malabsorption

Question 18

Name two important things that are absorbed in the ileum.

Answer 18

B12, bile salts

Question 19

What is refeeding syndrome?

Answer 19

When nourishing a malnourished person precipitates metabolic disturbances such as electrolyte disorders, pulmonary, cardiac, and neuromuscular disorders. Happens cuz they have low insulin, high glucagon -> can’t take up food well, plus other shit.

Question 20

What causes Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome? In what population is it seen most commonly in?

Answer 20

Thiamine deficiency - seen in alcoholics

Question 21

What are the manifestations of Wernicke Korsakoff?

Answer 21

Wernicke encephalopathy - triad of confusion, ataxia from cerebellar damage, and ophthalmoplegia (extraocular eye muscle dysfunction)

Korsakoff phychosis - confabulation, personality change, and memory loss

Question 22

How do severe burns change a person’s nutritional requirements?

Answer 22

They go up - they need more calories and protein