Nutrition Flashcards
What does vitamin C deficiency cause?
Scurvy
Name some clinical manifestations of scurby.
- Petechial hemorrhages around the perifollicular area
- Gum disease
- Tooth loss
- Corkscrew hairs
- Impaired wound healing
In what populations is scurvy most often seen in the US?
Older men, alcoholics
In what population is thiamine deficiency most often seen?
Alcoholics
In a patient with malnutrition, should you give thiamine, or dextrose first?
Give thiamine first so they don’t become more acidotic.
What causes beri-beri?
Thiamine deficiency
Morning sickness and hyperemesis gravidarum can be treated with this vitamin.
B6
Folic acid is important in pregnancy to prevent…?
neural tube defects
What physiological process does vitamin A help with?
vision, esp. night vision
What is the main role of vitamin E?
Anti-oxidant
Vitamin D is important in ______ homeostasis.
calcium
What happens if you get too much fluoride?
Teeth get white or brown discoloration (called fluorosis)
Is ferritin an acute phase reactant?
Yeah dog
Why are babies given a vitamin K injection at birth?
They don’t have gut flora to make vitamin K, we don’t want them to get a brain bleed
Do people’s appetites decrease when they get older?
Yeah
Define the estimated average requirement (EAR).
Average daily nutrient intake level that is estimated to meet the requirements of HALF of the healthy individuals of a particular life stage and gender group.
If there is too much acid in the small intestine, what happens to bile salts?
They get protonated and are less able to form mixed micelles -> fat malabsorption
Name two important things that are absorbed in the ileum.
B12, bile salts
What is refeeding syndrome?
When nourishing a malnourished person precipitates metabolic disturbances such as electrolyte disorders, pulmonary, cardiac, and neuromuscular disorders. Happens cuz they have low insulin, high glucagon -> can’t take up food well, plus other shit.
What causes Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome? In what population is it seen most commonly in?
Thiamine deficiency - seen in alcoholics
What are the manifestations of Wernicke Korsakoff?
Wernicke encephalopathy - triad of confusion, ataxia from cerebellar damage, and ophthalmoplegia (extraocular eye muscle dysfunction)
Korsakoff phychosis - confabulation, personality change, and memory loss
How do severe burns change a person’s nutritional requirements?
They go up - they need more calories and protein
