Pathology - Esophagus Flashcards
Barrett’s metaplasia is characterized by a switch of stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium to…?
stratified columnar epithelium (intestinal epithelium)
Name two conditions that Barrett’s metaplasia may progress to.
- Strictures
- Esophageal adenocarcinoma
This came from an esophagus. What is your Dx?
It looks like intestinal epithelium, so the patient must have Barrett’s esophagus.
What type of cancer is the most common esophageal carcinoma in the West? What about worldwide?
In the West: esophageal adenocarcinoma
In the world: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
This came from an esophagus. What is your Dx?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma. Glands are invading the submucosa.
This came from an esophagus. What is your Dx?
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Name four causes of non-GERD esophagitis.
- Pills (if patients take without water, they dissolve in the esophagus –> inflammation)
- CMV
- Herpes
- Candida
A patient presents to you in the ER with sudden onset of hematemesis. He has a history of alcoholism and alcoholic cirrhosis. Name an esophageal-related disease that is a not-miss diagnosis in this case.
Esophageal varices (ruptured in this case)
_________ syndrome is characterized by tears in the mucosa of the esophagus from excessive vomiting/retching.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Rupture of the entire wall of the esophagus with subsequent bleeding into the mediastinum is called…?
Boerhaave syndrome
The triad of dysphagia, glossitis, and iron-deficiency anemia is characteristic of what syndrome?
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (exact causes unknown)
What is Zenker’s diverticulum?
Herniation of the mucosa at the laryngeal/esophageal junction that forms a pouch where food can get stuck –> obstruction, dysphagia, bad breath.
What is the typical response to antacids in a patient with GERD?
Antacids should quickly give relief
