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Pharmacology > pharm final > Flashcards

pharm final Flashcards

1
Q

What are Antilipemic drugs

A

Used to lower lipid levels in the blood reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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2
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)

A

Used to lower LDL cholesterol

Most effective for lowering cholesterol

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3
Q

Common Statin Drugs

A

-ends in “-statin”

-Atorvastatin
-Simvastatin
-Rosuvastatin

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4
Q

Fibric Acid (Fibrates)

A

Used to lower triglycerides

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5
Q

Common Fibric Acid drugs

A

-has “-fib”
-Genfibrozil
-Fenofibrate

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6
Q

Bile Acid (BABA)

A

Lower LDL’s

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7
Q

Bile Acid drugs

A

-has “chole” “cole”
-Cholestyramine
-Colestipol
-Colesevelam

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8
Q

Considerations for BABA drugs

A

It can interfere with the absorption of other medications and fat-soluble vitamins like ADEK

If taken with other medications take 1 hr before or 4-6 hours after

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9
Q

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors

A

Used to lower LDL by preventing the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine

Can often be used with statins for enhanced effect

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10
Q

Common Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor drugs

A

-Ezetimibe

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11
Q

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

A

Used to lower LDL and triglycerides, but raises HDL

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12
Q

Common drugs for Niacin

A

Niacin

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13
Q

Omega-3 fatty acids

A

Used to lower triglycerides

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14
Q

What are Antiparkinson drugs used for

A

Antiparkinson drugs are used to manage the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, which is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, bradykinesia, and postural instability

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15
Q

Dopaminergic Agents

A

Increases dopamine levels or mimic its action to improve motor symptoms

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16
Q

Dopaminergic agent drugs

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa
-effective in controlling bradykinesia and rigidity
(avoid high protein meals bc it can interfere with absorption)

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17
Q

MAO-B Inhibitors

A

avoid the breakdown of dopamine extending its effect

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18
Q

Common MAO-B drugs

A

-Selegiline
-Rasagiline

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19
Q

COMT Inhibitors

A

Prolong the effect of levodopa by avoiding its breakdown

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20
Q

Common COMT drugs

A

-Entacapone
-Tolcapone

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21
Q

Anticholinergics

A

Reduce tremors and rigidity by blocking acetylcholine

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22
Q

Common Anticholinergic drugs

A

-Benztropine
-Trihexyphenidyl

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23
Q

What is Penicillinase used for ?

A

Used against gram-positive bacteria like streptococcus

24
Q

What is Vancomycin used for?

A

Used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria like MRSA

25
Q

What are Sulfonamides used for ?

A

Used to treat urinary tract infections and some respiratory infections

26
Q

What are Quinolone’s used for ?

A

Used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections like urinary tract and respiratory

27
Q

What does RSV stand for ?

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus

28
Q

Ribavirin

A

treatment of severe RSV infection in infants and immunocompromised patients

29
Q

short term SE of Ribavirin

A

Bronchospasm, cough, nasal congestionl

30
Q

long term SE of Ribavirin

A

Hemolytic anemia

31
Q

Acyclovir

A

Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

32
Q

Short term SE of Acyclovir

A

Nausea, vomiting, headache

33
Q

Long term SE of Acyclovir

A

Nephrotoxicity and neurological effects

34
Q

Zidovudine

A

Treatment of HIV infection

35
Q

Short term SE of Zidovudine

A

Nausea, vomiting, headache, fatigue

36
Q

Long term SE of Zidovudine

A

Bone marrow suppression, myopathy, lactic acidosis

37
Q

Echinacea

A

Boosting the immune system, treating colds and upper respiratory infections

38
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Depression, anxiety, sleep disorders

39
Q

Garlic

A

Lowers cholesterol, blood pressure regulation, immune support

40
Q

Ginger

A

Nausea, motion sickness, digestive issues

41
Q

Ginko Biloba

A

Cognitive function improvement, memory enhancement, peripheral artery disease

42
Q

Valerian Root

A

Insomnia, anxiety, stress

43
Q

Cranberry

A

Urinary tract infection (prevention), kidney stones

44
Q

Chamomile

A

Anxiety, insomnia, gastrointestinal discomfort

45
Q

Goldenseal

A

Immune support, digestive disorders, upper respiratory infections

46
Q

Kava

A

Anxiety, stress, insomnia, muscle relaxation

47
Q

Antacids

A

Relief of heartburn, ingestion, and acid reflux

48
Q

MOA of Antacids

A

Neutralize stomach acid by raising the pH of the stomach contents

49
Q

Examples of Antacids

A

Tums, Maalox, Mylanta

50
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

51
Q

MOA of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

inhibit the proton pump in the stomach lining, reducing the production of gastric acid

52
Q

Examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole

53
Q

Pro-kinetics

A

Treatment of GERD, gastroparesis

54
Q

MOA of Pro-kinetics

A

Enhances gastrointestinal motility, accelerates gastric emptying

55
Q
A

Pharmacology (11 decks)

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