Medications Flashcards
Bumetanide [Bumex]
-reduces extra fluid (edema) caused by heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease
-treats blood pressure
-loop diuretic that does not spare potassium
-ascites, cirrhosis
-is preferred bc it has less electrolyte imbalance
Hydrochlorothiazide [HydroDIURIL]
-treats high blood pressure and fluid retention (edema)
-should not be given to pt with renal impairment
Spironolactone [Aldactone]
-used with other medications to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and heart failure.
-helps kidneys remove more fluid and salt from your blood though urine without losing too much potassium.
-non potassium wasting
-blocks sodium retaining and excretes properties of aldosterone
-is a potassium sparing diuretic, pt taking this must be monitored for signs of hyperkalemia
Furosemide [Lasix]
-given to help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling caused by congestive heart failure.
-loop diuretic
-used for rapid or massive mobilization of fluids when needed.
Mannitol [Osmitrol]
-used in lung test to diagnose asthma and other breathing problems
-used to treat cerebral edema
-osmotic diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure
-administered through IV
Ibuprofen [Motrin]
used to reduce fever and to relieve minor aches and pain from headaches, muscle aches (NSAID- non steroidal anti inflammatory drug )
Propranolol [Inderal]
-Slows down heart rate and makes it easier for your heart to pump blood around your body
-treats high blood pressure and chest pains
Captopril [Capoten]
-manages hypertension after myocardial infarction
-inhibit aldosterone so it can contribute to the development of hyperkalemia
Osmotic diuretics
substances that are filtered but poorly reabsorbed
reduces intracranial pressure and cerebral edema
Thiazide diuretics
-hypertension / edema
relax blood vessel smooth muscle lowering blood pressure
-treats hypercalcemia
-blocks reabsorption of Na+
Loop diuretics
-minimizes the entry of luminal sodium and chloride into the cell
-HTN, renal disease
Vasodilators
medicines that open, also called dilate, blood vessels.
Chlorothiazide [Diuril]
a thiazide diuretic (water pill) that reduces the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine, which helps to lower blood pressure and remove excess fluid (edema).
Acetazolamide [Diamox]
treatment option for glaucoma as it causes a reduction in aqueous humor. The medication works to excrete bicarbonate. Doing so alkalizes the urine as there is greater bicarbonate in the urine
-a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and does not spare potassium
-used to reduce intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma.
digoxin toxicity symtoms
blurred vision
nausea and vomiting
palpitations
Amiloride [Midamor]
pt can develop high blood potassium levels while taking this drug, so avoid extra potassium.
Gentamicin [Garamycin]
an antibiotic that is used to treat the following serious infections caused by certain bacteria
what has a severe interaction with hydrochlorothiazide
Digitalis
what is the most effective diuretic
loop diuretics
most frequent prescribed diuretic
furosemide
torsemide [ Demadex]
-if pt doesn’t respond to furosemide this is the next step
-longer duration of action than furosemide and more potent
-7 times more expensive
ethacrynic acid
more effective than other loop diuretics in pt with significant renal failure
SE of loop diuretics
-dehydration
-dry mouth
-muscle weakness
-anorexia
-letthargy
Potassium sparing diuretics
-spirolonactone
-amiloride
furosemide + spironolactone + ?
digoxin
spironlolactone
-PCOS
-hormonal imbalance
-takes several months to improve acne, excess hair growth, and irregular period
-not administered through IV
what is the largest most frequent prescribed class of diuretics ?
thiazides
Nitrofurantoin
-prevents and treats UTI’s
fosfomycin [Monurol]
-1st antibiotic for UTI
-Used for uncomplicated acute cystitis
-single dose packets
Phenazopyridine [Pyridium]
-local anesthetic effect on urethral mucosa
-urine becomes reddish orange
antifolates
inhibit bacterial synthesis of folic acid
Methenamine
-excellent choice for pt if she had a lower UTI
-not effective for upper UTI’s
-safe in pregnancy
