Lecture 1 Flashcards
chemical name
describes drugs chemical composition & molecular structure
generic name
name given by the US ( not capitalized )
trade name
registered trademark (capitalized)
which is more effective generic or trade
trade is more effective than generic because it goes through more trials
pharmacokinetics
how your body affects the drug
pharmacodynamics
how the drug affects the body
what are the 4 stages of pharmacokinetics
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
what is absorption ?
the movement of the drug from site of administration into bloodstream, depends on route
what is distribution ?
drug transport by bloodstream to site of action, depends on circulation
what is metabolism ?
drug biotransformation, depends on enzymes
what is excretion ?
the elimination of metabolites and some of active drug depending on GI tract and kidneys (kidneys eliminate medication )
where is medication activated?
in the liver
two factors that alter the effectiveness of a drug
grapefruit and smoking
what is the first pass effect
intestinal & hepatic degration or a heration of drug taken by mouth removing active substance from blood before it enters the systemic circulation
what is biotransformation
medication activated by liver
bioavailability
availability of the drug (IV bioavailability is 100%)
prodrug
inactive drug until activated by the liver
bioequivalent
2 different drugs
what factors affect absorption
the area, time, circulation, solubility, bioavailability, and route
what is enteral medication ?
suppositories and by mouth
what is parenteral medication ?
IV
chelation
metal ion that makes medication harder to absorb
half life of a drug
amount of time required for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from the body
therapeutic range
concentration of drug to be in effect
steady ste
intake and elimination in equilibrium
peak level
highest blood level of a drug
trough level
lowest blood level of a drug
toxicity
peak blood level when drug is too high
therapeutic drug monitoring
depends on half life time
what are side effects
effects that are expected
what are adverse effects
effects that need to be reported bc they are unexpected
MOA
mechanism of action
NC
nursing consideration
pharmacotherapeutics
drugs that prevent and treat diseases
what is contraindication
withholding medication
palliative
not curative, they just calm down the signs and symptoms ( it treats the signs and symptoms not the disease)
prophylactic medication
prevents the spread of disease
tolerance
decreasing response to repeating drug doses
dependance
physiologic or psychological need for a drug
physical dependence
physiologic need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
phychological dependance
obsessive desire for the effects of a drug
