Pharm Exam I Flashcards
The study of drug effects at population level:
pharmacoepidemiology
What receptor is involved with Jan-STAT pathway?
Cytokine
A drug that would be life-saving with a patient with overdose. This will help them with breathing:
Naloxone
Receptor found inside the cytoplasm would be bound to:
heat shock protein
What act allows drugs to be given to humans before phase I?
Investing New Drug Act (IND)
DSHEA does not:
Substance intended for use in diagnosis, mitigation
Paul Ehrilich is the father of modern chemotherapy. He argued that drug actions not result of magical “vital forces”. A drug will not work unless it is:
bound
Enzymes that make the best targets for drug action are those that:
catalyze rate-limiting steps in synthesis of key molecules
Upon binding agonist, insulin receptors form homodimers that phosphorylate intracellular proteins at sites containing:
Tyrosine
When agonist binds to same site as receptor:
Competitive antagonist
What needs happen to cross the placental border?
High lipophilicity
G protein diversity of effects:
Heterogeneity of G-proteins
Which of the following drugs would most likely need a loading dose to help reach therapeutic levels:
Colchicine (t1/2=30hrs)
Following the agonist activation of a single G-protein coupled receptor, amplification of downstream signal occurs because:
Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor
The drug-receptor bonds that would most likely lead to irreversible drug-receptor interaction are:
Covalent bonds
What determines the degree of movement of a drug between body compartments?
- Partition constant
- Degree of ionization
- pH
- Size
(All of the above)
Aspirin readily donates a proton in aqueous solutions & pyrimethamine readily accepts a proton in aqueous solution. Thus, aspirin is a ______ and pyrimethamine is a ______
Acid; base
What happens to the dose-response curve for an agonist when increasing concentration of a competitive antagonist is added?
Shifts to the right
What drug will competitively inhibit the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?
Lovastatin
What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins?
Infliximab
Most drugs are either ____ acids or ____ bases
Weak; weak
The lipid soluble form of an acid is ____ and the lipid soluble form of a base is _____
protonated; unprotonated
Bioavailability of IV drugs:
100%
First pass effect organ:
liver
Which of the following would receive a drug slowly?
adipose
acidic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins?
Albumin
basic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins?
alpha glycoprotein
Which of the following can produce a systemic & therapeutic response- a drug that is:
a) bound to plasma albumin
b) concentrated in the bile
c) not absorbed from the GI tract
d) unbound to plasma proteins
d) unbound to plasma proteins
If a drug is 80% bound to blood elements or plasma proteins, what part is considered the free form?
20%
Warfarin (Coumadin) is CYP-450 2C9 substrate and sulfamethoxole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) is a 2C9 inhibitor. Which of the following effects would be expected if the drugs were co-administered?
Increased Warfarin effect
pharmacokinetics is the effect of the:
pharmacodynamics is the effect of the:
pharmacokinetics: body on drug
pharmacodynamics: drug on body
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?
Adverse effects
Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?
a) alteration of the drug by hepatic enzyme
b) urinary excretion of inactive drug metabolites
c) deposition of lipophilic drug in adipose tissue
d) drug induced dilation of coronary & peripheral vasculature
d) drug induced dilation of coronary & peripheral vasculature
Body’s “tank”:
volume of distribution
For first-order drug elimination, half-life (T-1/2) is at two _____ places on the curve and a constant _____ is lost per unit time:
equal, percentage
Heat shock protein bound receptors:
steroid (androgen)
Drug that inhibits cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting rate-limiting step:
lovastatin
What describes the movement of a drug between blood & tissues?
distribution
7 transmembrane spanning domain:
G protein
Which of the following is effective?
a drug that is unbound to protein
Which are non-ionized and pass through membranes more readily?
protonated weak acids & non-protonated weak bases
A target concentration of 7.5 mg/mL of theophylline is required for a 60 kg patient. What is the appropriate equation to determine the IV loading dose given the following: Vd = 0.5L/kg, Cl= 0.04 L/kg/hr, T1/2= 9.3hr
D= (Vd x Css) / F
which of the following best describes minimal effective concentration (MEC)?
The minimal drug plasma concentration to elicit an effect
Physiochemical properties of drug that allow it to bind to multiple things:
chirality (stereoisomers)
When charting opioid concentration and respiratory arrest, what does it mean when there is an opioid competitive antagonist involved?
you would need to have a higher concentration of opioid to have respiratory arrest
Equation for loading dose:
D = (Vd x Css) / F
The study of genetic influences on individual responses to drugs:
pharmacogenomics
What did the dietary supplement health & education act do?
Prohibited FDA review of supplements and botanicals as drugs
A patent is generally good or how long after the drug is on the market?
5-10 years
Protein molecules which function to recognize and respond to endogenous chemical signals and are classified upon the ligands that bind them are called:
Receptors
Which will most likely allow an agonist to bind normally?
Allosteric agonist ?????
Which of the following only has one transmembrane spanning domain:
Insulin receptor (kinase)
Superfamily of receptors that reside inside the cell in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus?
Steroid receptor
What drug will competitively inhibit the rate limiting step in cholesterol synteshsis?
Lovastatin
What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins?
Monoclonal antibodies (Infliximab)
What form of a drug is more lipid-soluble, and thus would remain trapped within a compartment where the pH does not favor the lipid-soluble form?
Neutral
Amount of drug absorbed per the amount administered?
Bioavailability
Which of the following can produce a therapeutic response- a drug that is:
unbound to plasma proteins
Bactrim is 2C9 inhibitor & Warfarin is the substrate for 2C9. What will happen in someone who takes Bactrim?
Warfarin will be enhanced and there will be an increase in side effects
Substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention:
FDA drug
Chemicals before developed drug:
1000
Testosterone/Androgen receptor have what effect:
turn on or off gene expression
Insulin phosphorylates:
tyrosine
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor function:
inhibits rate-limiting step
Weak acids are easily excreted in ____ urine & weak bases are easily excreted in ____ urine
alkaline, acidic
Pt overdose on aspirin:
alkalinize the urine
