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Intro to Pharmacology > Pharm Exam I > Flashcards

Pharm Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

The study of drug effects at population level:

A

pharmacoepidemiology

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2
Q

What receptor is involved with Jan-STAT pathway?

A

Cytokine

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3
Q

A drug that would be life-saving with a patient with overdose. This will help them with breathing:

A

Naloxone

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4
Q

Receptor found inside the cytoplasm would be bound to:

A

heat shock protein

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5
Q

What act allows drugs to be given to humans before phase I?

A

Investing New Drug Act (IND)

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6
Q

DSHEA does not:

A

Substance intended for use in diagnosis, mitigation

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7
Q

Paul Ehrilich is the father of modern chemotherapy. He argued that drug actions not result of magical “vital forces”. A drug will not work unless it is:

A

bound

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8
Q

Enzymes that make the best targets for drug action are those that:

A

catalyze rate-limiting steps in synthesis of key molecules

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9
Q

Upon binding agonist, insulin receptors form homodimers that phosphorylate intracellular proteins at sites containing:

A

Tyrosine

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10
Q

When agonist binds to same site as receptor:

A

Competitive antagonist

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11
Q

What needs happen to cross the placental border?

A

High lipophilicity

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12
Q

G protein diversity of effects:

A

Heterogeneity of G-proteins

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13
Q

Which of the following drugs would most likely need a loading dose to help reach therapeutic levels:

A

Colchicine (t1/2=30hrs)

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14
Q

Following the agonist activation of a single G-protein coupled receptor, amplification of downstream signal occurs because:

A

Duration of activation of G-protein is longer than agonist activation of receptor

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15
Q

The drug-receptor bonds that would most likely lead to irreversible drug-receptor interaction are:

A

Covalent bonds

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16
Q

What determines the degree of movement of a drug between body compartments?

A
  1. Partition constant
  2. Degree of ionization
  3. pH
  4. Size
    (All of the above)
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17
Q

Aspirin readily donates a proton in aqueous solutions & pyrimethamine readily accepts a proton in aqueous solution. Thus, aspirin is a ______ and pyrimethamine is a ______

A

Acid; base

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18
Q

What happens to the dose-response curve for an agonist when increasing concentration of a competitive antagonist is added?

A

Shifts to the right

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19
Q

What drug will competitively inhibit the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?

A

Lovastatin

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20
Q

What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins?

A

Infliximab

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21
Q

Most drugs are either ____ acids or ____ bases

A

Weak; weak

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22
Q

The lipid soluble form of an acid is ____ and the lipid soluble form of a base is _____

A

protonated; unprotonated

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23
Q

Bioavailability of IV drugs:

A

100%

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24
Q

First pass effect organ:

A

liver

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25
Q

Which of the following would receive a drug slowly?

A

adipose

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26
Q

acidic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins?

A

Albumin

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27
Q

basic drugs bind primarily to which of the following plasma proteins?

A

alpha glycoprotein

28
Q

Which of the following can produce a systemic & therapeutic response- a drug that is:

a) bound to plasma albumin
b) concentrated in the bile
c) not absorbed from the GI tract
d) unbound to plasma proteins

A

d) unbound to plasma proteins

29
Q

If a drug is 80% bound to blood elements or plasma proteins, what part is considered the free form?

A

20%

30
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin) is CYP-450 2C9 substrate and sulfamethoxole/trimethoprim (Bactrim) is a 2C9 inhibitor. Which of the following effects would be expected if the drugs were co-administered?

A

Increased Warfarin effect

31
Q

pharmacokinetics is the effect of the:

pharmacodynamics is the effect of the:

A

pharmacokinetics: body on drug

pharmacodynamics: drug on body

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?

A

Adverse effects

33
Q

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacokinetic process?

a) alteration of the drug by hepatic enzyme
b) urinary excretion of inactive drug metabolites
c) deposition of lipophilic drug in adipose tissue
d) drug induced dilation of coronary & peripheral vasculature

A

d) drug induced dilation of coronary & peripheral vasculature

34
Q

Body’s “tank”:

A

volume of distribution

35
Q

For first-order drug elimination, half-life (T-1/2) is at two _____ places on the curve and a constant _____ is lost per unit time:

A

equal, percentage

36
Q

Heat shock protein bound receptors:

A

steroid (androgen)

37
Q

Drug that inhibits cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting rate-limiting step:

A

lovastatin

38
Q

What describes the movement of a drug between blood & tissues?

A

distribution

39
Q

7 transmembrane spanning domain:

A

G protein

40
Q

Which of the following is effective?

A

a drug that is unbound to protein

41
Q

Which are non-ionized and pass through membranes more readily?

A

protonated weak acids & non-protonated weak bases

42
Q

A target concentration of 7.5 mg/mL of theophylline is required for a 60 kg patient. What is the appropriate equation to determine the IV loading dose given the following: Vd = 0.5L/kg, Cl= 0.04 L/kg/hr, T1/2= 9.3hr

A

D= (Vd x Css) / F

43
Q

which of the following best describes minimal effective concentration (MEC)?

A

The minimal drug plasma concentration to elicit an effect

44
Q

Physiochemical properties of drug that allow it to bind to multiple things:

A

chirality (stereoisomers)

45
Q

When charting opioid concentration and respiratory arrest, what does it mean when there is an opioid competitive antagonist involved?

A

you would need to have a higher concentration of opioid to have respiratory arrest

46
Q

Equation for loading dose:

A

D = (Vd x Css) / F

47
Q

The study of genetic influences on individual responses to drugs:

A

pharmacogenomics

48
Q

What did the dietary supplement health & education act do?

A

Prohibited FDA review of supplements and botanicals as drugs

49
Q

A patent is generally good or how long after the drug is on the market?

A

5-10 years

50
Q

Protein molecules which function to recognize and respond to endogenous chemical signals and are classified upon the ligands that bind them are called:

A

Receptors

51
Q

Which will most likely allow an agonist to bind normally?

A

Allosteric agonist ?????

52
Q

Which of the following only has one transmembrane spanning domain:

A

Insulin receptor (kinase)

53
Q

Superfamily of receptors that reside inside the cell in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus?

A

Steroid receptor

54
Q

What drug will competitively inhibit the rate limiting step in cholesterol synteshsis?

A

Lovastatin

55
Q

What is the best drug for lowering concentrations of circulating plasma proteins?

A

Monoclonal antibodies (Infliximab)

56
Q

What form of a drug is more lipid-soluble, and thus would remain trapped within a compartment where the pH does not favor the lipid-soluble form?

A

Neutral

57
Q

Amount of drug absorbed per the amount administered?

A

Bioavailability

58
Q

Which of the following can produce a therapeutic response- a drug that is:

A

unbound to plasma proteins

59
Q

Bactrim is 2C9 inhibitor & Warfarin is the substrate for 2C9. What will happen in someone who takes Bactrim?

A

Warfarin will be enhanced and there will be an increase in side effects

60
Q

Substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention:

A

FDA drug

61
Q

Chemicals before developed drug:

A

1000

62
Q

Testosterone/Androgen receptor have what effect:

A

turn on or off gene expression

63
Q

Insulin phosphorylates:

A

tyrosine

64
Q

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor function:

A

inhibits rate-limiting step

65
Q

Weak acids are easily excreted in ____ urine & weak bases are easily excreted in ____ urine

A

alkaline, acidic

66
Q

Pt overdose on aspirin:

A

alkalinize the urine

67
Q
A

Intro to Pharmacology (16 decks)

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