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Intro to Pharmacology > 2023-E3 > Flashcards

2023-E3 Flashcards

1
Q

Eplerenone (Inspra) works by competitively blocking the action of which hormone?

A

Aldosterone

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2
Q

Minoxidil (Loniten) causes vasodilation by:

A

Opening K-ATP channels

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3
Q

Which of the following is/are a potential adverse reaction(s) to atorvaSTATIN (Lipitor)?

A

Myopathy

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4
Q

The patient is a 46-year old caucasian woman that smokes and has DM. How many risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are present in this patient?

A

Two

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5
Q

Which of the following medications can be given intravenously?

a) Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
b) Cangrelor (Kengreal)
c) Unfractioned heparin
d) all of the above

A

d) all of the above

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6
Q

The intracellular concentration of which ion is key to determining smooth muscle tone?

A

Calcium

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7
Q

Which of the following is an adverse reaction to aspirin? (Bayer)?

A
  1. angioedema
  2. bleeding
  3. rash

(all of the above)

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8
Q

Which of the following medications can cause a severe adverse drug reaction called angioedema (swelling of throat, tongue and lips)?

A

Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entresto)

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9
Q

Which medication is monitored by the prothrombin time (PT) International Normalized Ratio (INR):

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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10
Q

Which of the following medications can have injection site reactions?

A

Evolcumab (Repatha)

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11
Q

Which of the following defined as pathological formation of a “hemostatic plug” within the vasculature in the absence of bleeding?

A

Thrombosis

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12
Q

The glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor is involved in which step of platelet thrombus formation?

A

Aggregation

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13
Q

Eptifibatide (Integrillin) inhibits which step in thrombus formation?

A

Platelet aggregation

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14
Q

Which medication(s) binds to factor Xa and prevents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?

A

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

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15
Q

Which of the following medications for pulmonary hypertension is available in an intravenous formulation?

A

Treprostinil (Tyvaso)

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16
Q

Which receptor does Losartan (Cozaar) block?

A

AT1 receptor

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17
Q

Which of the following is/are positive “pleiotropic effect(s)” of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

A

Reduced inflammation

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18
Q

“Purple toe” is a potential adverse reaction to which of the following medications?

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

19
Q

Which of the following medications has possible side effects which can be aggravated by the dental light?

A

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

20
Q

Which antiplatelet medication works through inhibition of ADP binding at the P2Y12 receptor?

A

Prasugrel (Effient)

21
Q

Which of the following is a unique side effect of Minoxidil (Loniten)?

A

Hirsutism (hair growth)

22
Q

Which lipoprotein is considered the “good cholesterol”?

23
Q

Which medication(s) causes the activation of antithrombin III?

A

Enoxaparin (Lovenox) & Unfractioned Heparin

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminocaproic acid (Amicar)?

A

Competitive inhibition of plasminogen activation

25
Q

How does LovaSTATIN (Mevacor) exert its lipid lowering activity?

A

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase

26
Q

Riociguat (Adempas) can be classified in which group based on mechanism of action?

A

Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator

27
Q

Which of the following medications would be least likely to have a drug-drug interaction due to hepatic metabolism?

A
  1. Pravastatin (Pravachol)
  2. Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

(Both B & C)

28
Q

Which of the following medications works through antagonist of the protease activated receptor-1inhibiting thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP)?

A

Vorapaxar (Zontivity)

29
Q

Which of the following is a vitamin K dependent clotting factor?

30
Q

Which medication had a risk of hyperkalemia?

A
  1. Sacubitrul/Valsartan (Entrestro)
  2. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

(B & C)

31
Q

Which of the following is/are components of Virchow’s triad:

A

Vessel wall injury

(endothelial injury)

32
Q

Postulates presence of three factors that predisposes a person to develop vascular thrombosis:

A

virchow’s triad

33
Q

What three factors are included in Virchow’s triad?

A
  1. stasis of blood flow
  2. endothelial injury
  3. Hypercoagulability
34
Q

Which lipoprotein contains the MOST triglycerides?

A

Chylomicrons

35
Q

Which substance is thought to contribute to the development of cough in patients on ACE inhibitors?

A

Bradykinin

36
Q

Which of the following medications and doses would be considered a “moderate intensity” statin?

A

Atorvastatin (Lipitor) 10mg

37
Q

Which of the following medication classes may cause hyperuricemia (Gout)?

A

ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor

38
Q

Pulmonary hypertension caused by LEFT heart disease is classified as which group per the world health organization?

39
Q

Which of these medications may increase trigylcerides?

-Colestipol (Colestid)
-Ezetimibe (Zetia)
-Fenofibrate (Tricor)
-Niacin (Niaspan)

A

-Colestipol (Colestid)

40
Q

Bempedoic acid (Nexletol) exerts lipid lowering activity through which mechanism?

A

Inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase (ACL)

41
Q

Which of the following medications prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

A

Quinapril (Acupril)

42
Q

Which of the following medications inhibits the action of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5)?

A

Tadalafil (Adcirca)

Intro to Pharmacology (16 decks)

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