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NU 308 Pharmacology > Pharm Exam 1 > Flashcards

Pharm Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of situation is aspirin toxicity?

A

Medical emergency

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2
Q

What are antivirals used for?

A

Given for viral symptoms, not for the virus

  • Herpes (HSV) - take as soon as you feel tingling sensations
  • Flu- Tamiflu (Know generic name)
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3
Q

What is the treatment for RA?

A

Methotrexate

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4
Q

What are considerations for methotrexate?

A

Patient does not need to get pregnant 3 months out
Folic acid (helps side effects and replenishes folic acid)

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5
Q

What is cyclosporine used for?

A

Given to transplant patients
It’s an immunosuprressant

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6
Q

What is sumatriptan used to treat?

A

Migraine

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7
Q

What assessment is important while using morphine?

A

Respiratory assessment

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8
Q

What is prophylactic used for?

A

Given to surgical, dental, or traveling patients

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9
Q

What is a black box warning?

A

Strongest warning from the FDA

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10
Q

What can doxycline cause?

A

Stained teeth

  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Severe Photosensitivity
  • Given to those with tick born illnesses (limes)
  • Given to some with STD’s (abstinence and partner treatment)
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11
Q

What can epinephrine and lidocaine cause?

A

Can cause constriction of blood flow and causes gangrene
- Avoid small areas (nose, ears, fingers, toes)

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12
Q

What is hydroxychlorquine used for?

A

RA

  • Antimalarial
  • Causes blindness (eye exam every 6 months)
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13
Q

What does metronidazole treat?

A

Treats parasites

  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • C-diff
  • GI (intrabdominal/postsurgical patients)
  • Disulfiram kind of effect after alcohol (really sick)
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14
Q

What does penicillin cross with?

A

Cephalosporins

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15
Q

What is important to consider for pinworm?

A

Treat the ENTIRE family

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16
Q

What values are important for the liver?

A

AST, LST labs

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17
Q

What lab values are important/come from the kidenys
?

A

BUN, creatinine, GFR

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18
Q

What organ does ibuprofen affect the most? (And other NSAIDS)

A

Kidneys

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19
Q

What organ does acitomenophen (however its spelled) effect the most?

A

Liver

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20
Q

What medications can cause hearing loss?

A

Aminoglycosides

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21
Q

How can yeast infections occur?

A

Adverse reaction to some abx

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22
Q

What is important info on pediatric patients for prescriptions?

A

Weight

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23
Q

What is a teratogenic effect?

A

Bad for pregnancy, fetus risk

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24
Q

What can glucorticoids do?

A

Raise blood sugar

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25
Q

what are Helmenthis used for?

A

Worms

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26
Q

What generic drug treats the flu?

A

Tamiflu

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27
Q

What is bioavailability?

A

The amount of drug that reaches circulation

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28
Q

What is Reye’s?

A

Aspirin given to kids when they have a virus

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29
Q

What is red man syndrome?

A

rash on the upper body caused by certain anti-infectives

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30
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

Drug must be metabolized by the liver before going anywhere else

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31
Q

What can effect metabolism?

A

Age
Weight
Nutritional status
Liver health

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32
Q

Where does excretion occur?

A

Kidneys

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33
Q

Where does metabolism occur?

A

Liver

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34
Q

Historically where did drugs come from?

A

Plants, animals, minerals

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35
Q

How are drugs classified?

A

Based on body systems, therapeutic uses, and chemical characteristics

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36
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Produce a desired effect.
Bind to receptors

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37
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Blocks receptor
Blocks effect

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38
Q

What do partial agonists do?

A

Act act agonist/ antagonist.

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39
Q

What is drug tolerance?

A

Body needs more drug to reach effect, becomes used to it

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40
Q

What is onset?

A

When the medication first begins to take effect.

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41
Q

What is the peak of a medication?

A

The max concentration of a drug is in the bodddy

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42
Q

What is the duration of a medication?

A

How long the medication is in the body

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43
Q

What is potency of drugs?

A

The amount of drug required to produce the effect

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44
Q

What is efficacy?

A

Max response that the med can achieve

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45
Q

What is a side effect?

A

A known effect other than the desired effect

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46
Q

What is an adverse effect?

A

An effect that wasn’t expected

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47
Q

What is a trough?

A

The lowest level concentration of a medication,

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48
Q

What does the FDA do?

A

Approve drugs

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49
Q

What does the DEA do?

A

Enforce drug laws

50
Q

What is Beers Criteria?

A

List of meds that are inappropriate for elderly

51
Q

What is the safest category of mediation for pregnancy?

A

A

52
Q

What is the most dangerous category of medication for pregnancy?

A

X

53
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

What the body does to a drug

54
Q

What does half-life mean?

A

Time required for the serum concentration of a drug to drop by 50%

55
Q

when does the liver mature?

A

2 years old

56
Q

Why do children have trouble metabolizing drugs?

A

Immature kidneys and livers

57
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

What the drug does to the body

58
Q

At what age do children mature sufficiently to metabolize drugs?

A

12 years old

59
Q

What does poly pharmacy?

A

The use of multiple medications

60
Q

What can rifampin result in?

A

orange colored fluids

61
Q
A
62
Q

What is a tertogenic effect?

A

Bad for pregnancy

63
Q

What is absorption?

A

Part of pharmocotoconetics- The transmission of the drug from site of administration to the bloodstrea

64
Q

What is distribution?

A

The transportation of medications to sites of action by bodily fluids Depends on adequacy of blood circulation* Drugs are distributed rapidly to organs that receive a large blood supply (heart, liver, and kidneys)

65
Q

What is metabolism?

A

liver, but also takes place in kidneys- Themethod drugs are usually inactivated or made less active, or biotransformed, by enzymes, forming metabolites.*Occurs primarily in the liver, but also takes place in kidneys, lungs, intestines, and blood

66
Q

What is excretion?

A

Elimination of drugs from the body-primarily through kidneys.

67
Q

What are the different categories of the controlled substance act?

A
  1. the worst (marijuana) 2. Pain meds 3. Testrone 4. Atavan, zanyx, bezdos 5. Cough suppressants
68
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

when oral meds go through the liver to get metabolized and the drug itself is decreased- may require several doses to maintain enough active free drug in circulation for desired effect

69
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

usually from penicillin and cephalosporin- the most severe allergic reaction. can potentially be fatal

70
Q

What ist he antidote to acetampinophen?

A

acetylcysteine (acetadote)

71
Q

What are controlled meds?

A

Those that may be abused or cause addiction

72
Q

What are trade names?

A

can have many, shorter names, what the public knows

73
Q

What are generic names?

A

chemical names- only one - longer, harder to pronounce

74
Q

What is pharmacotherapeutics?

A

“drug therapy” is the use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and diseases.

75
Q

What are side effects?

A

known, documented affect. effect other than desired effect, sometimes in an organ other than the target organ

76
Q

What are adverse effects?

A

undesired effects that can be harmful- occurrences of unanticipated effects that are dangerous to the patient

77
Q

What can increase the risk of drug reactions in geriatric clients?

A

Changes with age - the body changes: the liver metabolizes less, the kidneys do not excrete as they should. Vison is less, forgetful, altered metal status. More prone to adverse drug reactions because decreased number of receptors for distribution.

78
Q

What are serum drug levels?

A

Laboratory measurement of the amount of drug in the blood at a particular time.*These values help determine patient’s metabolism, protein binding, and excretion

79
Q

What is the therapeutic range/window?

A

dose where the safest and most effective treatment occurs

80
Q

What is titration?

A

helps maintain therapeutic effects and avoid ineffective or Toxic concentrations

81
Q

What is the plateau

A

a drug’s concentration in plasma during a series of doses

82
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A

quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug

83
Q

What is onset?

A

when the medication first begins to take effect

84
Q

What is duration?

A

length of time the medication produces its desired therapeutic effect

85
Q

What can gentamycin cause?

A

Hearing loss

86
Q

What considerations should you take with sulfonamides?

A

Avoid in patients with sulfa allergies

87
Q

What can Fluoroquinolones: Levofloxacin cause?

A

Achilles Tendon Rupture

88
Q

What education is important for metronidazole?

A

Avoid alcohol- can cause patient to become very ill with GI like complications

89
Q

What can isoniazid cause?

A

peripheral neuropathy
Also a category C pregnancy risk (avoid giving)

90
Q

What suffix do antifungals end in?

A

-azole

91
Q

What is fluconazole used to treat?

A

oral medication for vaginal yeast

92
Q

What is pediculicide:permethrin used for?

A

treats lice and scabies

93
Q

What does acyclovir treat?

A

herpes simplex 1 and 2

94
Q

What does oseltamivir treat?

A

flu A and B
must be given 48 hours after onset of symptoms

95
Q

What is a major risk for hydroxychloroquine?

A

retina damage

96
Q

What is cyclosporin?

A

first ant-rejection medication
used on transplant patients

97
Q

What is ibuprofen used for?

A

inflammation
fever
relieve mild to moderate pain
dysmenorrhea

98
Q

Antivirals use what suffix?

A

-nd

99
Q

What is firstline treatment for RA?

A

ibuprofen first, then methotrexate

100
Q

What are important considerations for cyclosporine?

A

avoid grapefruit juice it can cause toxicity
If organ transplant, take for life

101
Q

What medication is used for migraines?

A

sumatriptan

102
Q

What do you do for a morhpine assessment prior to administration?

A

Check respirationsmorphine

103
Q

What does epinephrine do in combo with lidocaine?

A

gangrene can result due to vasoconstriction

104
Q

What would you teach a patient using hydroxychlororquine?

A

can cause retina damage
visit eye doctor every 6 months

105
Q

What meds are used to trat acute gout flare up?

A

colchicine

106
Q

What can gout meds cause?

A

GI upset

107
Q

What foods should you avoid with gout?

A

rich in purines
red meat
seafood
sugary beverages
beer

108
Q

What treats chronic gout flare-up?

A

allopurinol

109
Q

What are symptoms of C.diff?

A

bad smell
watery/mucousy diarrhea
pain in abd/cramping
blood in stool

110
Q

What is a prototype drug?

A

An individual drug that represents a group of drugs
(morphine represents opioids)

111
Q

What suffix do all beta blockers have?

A

-olol

112
Q

What do all ACE inhibitors end in?

A

-pril

113
Q
A
114
Q

What are schedule 1 controlled substances?

A

No accepted medical use in the U.S.
Heroin, marijuana, LSD

115
Q

What are schedule 2 controlled drugs?

A

high potential for abuse
fentanyl
oxycodone
codeine
adderal

116
Q

What are schedule 3 controlled drugs?

A

Less potential for abuse then schedule 2
anabolic steroids
testosterone
tylenol with codeine

117
Q

What are schedule 4 controlled drugs?

A

low potential for abuse (compared to 3)
anti anxiety meds
xanax
klonopin
adivan

118
Q

What are schedule 5 controlled drugs?

A

low potential for abuse
cough meds with codeine

119
Q

What does cross allerginicity mean?

A

Allergy to a drug of another class with a similiar chemical structure

120
Q

What is a superinfection?

A

infection after a previous infection
usually result of microorganisms resistant to previous antibiotic

121
Q

What do you use vancomycin for?

A

MRSA
Orally for C.diff

122
Q

What happens if you give vancomycin too quickly?

A

red man syndrome

NU 308 Pharmacology (23 decks)

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