Exam 5 DM overview Flashcards
What are s/s of type 1 DM?
- Hyperglycemia (fasting
blood glucose > 126
mg/dL) - Glycosuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Dehydration
- Polyphagia
What are complications of type 1 DM?
- Atherosclerosis
- MI
- Stroke
- PVD
- Retinopathy
- Nephropathy
What is the pathology of type 1 DM?
- Autoimmune disorder
that destroys pancreatic
beta cells - Destruction of all beta
cells results in NO
insulin production
What age range is dx with type 1 DM
- Usual dx 4-20 years old
How do we treat DKA?
- Tx: IV insulin, IV
fluids, Potassium
replacement,
Sodium
Bicarbonate for
acidosis
What are the s/s of DM type 2?
- Gradual onset
- Usually less severe
- Higher prevalence
of: - MI
- CVA
What is the pathology of DM type 2?
Increased
production of
glucose by the liver
and decreased
uptake of glucose
by liver, muscle,
and fat cells
* Insulin resistance
occurs, which
makes it work less
effectively
* Pancreatic beta
cells “fatigue
What are causes of DM type 2?
Obesity!
* Metabolic syndrome
What drug therapy is used for DM type 2?
- Sulfonylureas
- Alpha-glucosidase
inhibitors - Biguanides
- Thiazolidinediones
(TZDs) - Meglitinides
- May require exogenous
insulin
What drug therapy is used for DM type 1?
insulins
What insulin do we use during pregnancy?
Regular
Humulin R
Novolin R
What happens if we use beta blockers and insulin?
Beta blockers can mask SNS response to hypoglycemia (tachycardia,
tremors), making it difficult for clients to identify hypoglycemia.
Beta-
blockers also impair the body’s ability to break down glycogen stores to raise
blood glucose levels.
What causes hypoglycemia?
Defined as BS less than 60-70; critical 40 or below
What is the tx for hypoglycemia?
glucagon
What are sulfonylureas used for? (glyburide)
DM type II
