Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NU 308 Pharmacology > Exam 4 Cardiac Stuff > Flashcards

Exam 4 Cardiac Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What is sudden deep swelling or welts under the skin, particulalry arouond the eyes and lips?

A

angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What a decrease or block the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation?

A

antiadrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is high blood pressure for which no cause can be found?

A

essential hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is first dose phenomenon?

A

orthostatic hypotension with palpitations, dizziness, and perhaps syncope 1-3 hours after first dose of a drug or increase dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Secondary hypertension?

A

high blood pressure from an identified cause, such as kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What categories of drugs treat HTN?

A
  1. Renin-angiotensin Aldosterone System Suppressants (RAAS)
  2. Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB)
  3. Sympatholytic (Antiadrenergic)
  4. Direct-acting Vasodilators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can cause HTN?

A

increased cardiac output,
peripheral resistance, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can long term HTN cause?

A

irreparable kidney damage
left ventricular failure
increased risk for CVAs (strokes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are examples of meds under the RAAS category?

A
  1. Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
  2. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
  3. Aldosterone Antagonists
  4. Direct Renin Inhibitors (DRIs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do ACE inhibitors do?

A

reduce amount of blood heart needs to pump

end in -pril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do we use ACE inhibitors for?

A

HTN
HF
Slowa renal impairment
Reduce proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

dry, nonproductive cough
hyperkalemia
angioedema
orthostatic hypotension
metallic taste in mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What education do we provide patient’s on ACE inhibitors (or any BP med)?

A

get up slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are contraindications/precautions of ACE inhibitors?

A

less effective in african americans
increased risk of angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do we use ARBS for?

A

HTN
HF
DM
not monotherapy for african american population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an example of ARBS?

A

losarrtan
ends in -sartan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are black box warnings for ARBS?

A

injury and death to developing fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are advers effects of ARBS?

A

angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an example of an aldosterone antagonist?

A

eplerenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do aldosterone antagonists treat?

A

hypertension
s/s of HF following MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are adverse effects of aldosterone antagonists ?

A

hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What education to we provide to pts on aldosterone antagonists?

A
  • Do not take potassium supplements,
    use potassium-containing salt
    substitutes or drugs that raise
    potassium levels unless prescribed
  • Report palpitations, muscle twitching,
    weakness, or paresthesia in
    extremities to the provide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are examples of calcium channel blockers?

A

diltiazem
nifedepine
verapamil
amlodipine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What drug class is best for use in african americans?

A

calcium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are uses for calcium channel blockers?

A

HTN
angina pectoris
dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are adverse effects of nifedipine?

A
  • Reflex Tachycardia
  • Acute Toxicity
  • Ortho Hypotension
  • Peripheral Edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are adverse effects of verapamil/diltiazem?

A
  • Peripheral edema
  • Constipation
  • ↓ Cardiac Function
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Acute Toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do we teach patients taking calcium channel blockers like diltiazem?

A

Lifestyle; check BP pulse
* Avoid Grapefruit/Grapefruit juice
* Good dental hygiene: can discolor teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What nursing interventiosn do we perform on patients on calcium channel blockers

A

Monitor EKG and HR, have equip on
standby
* Diltiazem or verapamil is approved for
atrial tachy-dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do ARBS block?

A

angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 3 antiadrenergics?

A

Beta-blockers
2. Alpha Adrenergic Blockers
3. Centrally acting alpha2 agonist

32
Q

What is an example of a beta blocker?

A

propranolol
metoprololWh

33
Q

at doe beta blockers do?

A

block beta 1 receptors

34
Q

What do we use beta blockers for?

A

HTN
tachycardia
angina
tachy-dysrhythmias
MI
HF
Hyperthyroidsim

35
Q

What are advers effects of beta blockers?

A

bradycardia
SOB
Edema
COugh
CHD
Angina
MID
orthostatic hypotension

36
Q

What do we teach pt on beta blockers?

A
  • Avoid activity requiring mental alertness
    first 12-24 hours
  • Slow position change
  • Lie down if dizzy or faint
  • Taper off med slowly over 1 to 2 weeks
  • If Hx of angina, report worsening or new
    onset to HCP
  • Instruct s/s/ HF to monitor
  • Self-monitor HR and BP daily
37
Q

What are examples of alpha adrenergic blockers?

A

prazosin

38
Q

What do we use alpha adrenergic blockers for?

A

Doxazosin and Terazosin
decrease Benign Prostatic
Hyperplasia (BPH)

39
Q

What are examples of Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists?

A

Clonidine

40
Q

What does centrally acting alpha 2 agonists do?

A

Inhibits Sympathetic Nervous System;
slows heart rate and relaxes blood
vessels; works at CNS level- decreased
Cardiac Output, BP, HR, Peripheral
Vascular Resistance.

41
Q

What do we use centrally acting alpha 2 agonist for?

A

HTN- alone, w/diuretic, or w
another antihypertensive

42
Q

What are adverse effects of centrally acting alpha 2 agonist?

A

HTN- alone, w/diuretic, or w
another antihypertensive

43
Q

What are side effects of centrally acting alpha 2 agonists?

A
  • First dose phenomenon
  • Drowsiness/sedation
44
Q

What do we teach patients on centrally acting alpha 2 agonists?

A

Patch – rotate site, don’t cut, clean/dry non-hairy
area
* Drowsiness will decrease as use continues

45
Q

How do we administer centrally acting alpha 2 agonists?

A

Transdermal patch-reapplied q 7
days clean, dry, hairless skin on
torso or upper arm, and rotate
sites
* Epidural

46
Q

What meds do we use for hypertensive crisis?

A

nitroprusside

47
Q

What is the antidote for nitroprusside?

A

thiosulfate

48
Q

What is the only direct renin inhibitor?

A

aliskiren

49
Q

What do DRIs do?

A

As a result, blood vessels relax and widen,
making it easier for blood to flow through the
vessels, which lowers blood pressure

50
Q

What are adverse effects of DRIs?

A

Diarrhea, abdominal pain – more likely in high
doses

51
Q

What are contraindications of DRIs?

A
  • Pregnancy risk – teratogenic
  • Hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, or in dehydration
52
Q

What do we teach pts on DRIs?

A
  • Do not take potassium supplements,
    use potassium-containing salt
    substitutes or drugs which raise
    potassium levels unless prescribed
  • Report palpitations, muscle twitching,
    weakness, or paresthesia in
    extremities to provider
53
Q

What nursing interventions do we do for pts on DRIs?

A
  • Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia
  • Monitor periodic potassium levels, BUN and
    creatinine in clients at risk for hyperkalemia
  • Ensure client is not taking potassium-sparing
    diuretics or other drugs that raise potassium)
  • Monitor for and report persistent cough to provider
  • Monitor and report angioedema
54
Q

What do these s/s represent?

restless
confused
orthopnea
cyanosis
fatigue
pulmonary congestion (wheezes, cough etc.)

A

left sided heart failure

55
Q

What do these s/s represent?

fatigue
ascites
enlarged liver/spleen
distended jugular veins
weight gain

A

right sided HF

56
Q

What is the first line drug type for HF?

A

diuretics
RAAS

57
Q

What are indications for hydrchlorothiazide?

A

HTN
edema
mild/mod HF
liver and kidney disease

58
Q

What are complications of hydrochlorthiathingy?

A

dehhydration
hyponatremia
hypokalemia
hypochloremia
hyperglycemia
hypercalcemia
hyperuricemia
increased LDL
hypomagnesemia

59
Q

What do we teach pts on hydrocholorothiazide?

A

reduce sodium diet
weigh daily
you will be photosensitive
increase fluid intake to 1500 mL day
change position slowly
may take K+ supplement
log BP
Low Mg

60
Q

What do thiaizde duiretics do?

A

waste potasisum

61
Q

When is the latest you should take a diuretic?

A

2 pm (they will go pee a lot)

62
Q

What do thiazides do?

A

excrete potassium

63
Q

What is an example of a potassium sparing drugs?

A

spironolactone

64
Q

What do we use potassium sparing drugs for?

A

weight loss
acne
HTN
edema
liver cirrhosis
nephrotic syndrome

65
Q

What are complicatiosn of potassium sparing drugs?

A

hyperkalemia
deepened voice in males
impotence
irreg. menstruation
drowsiness
metabolic acidosis

66
Q

What do we teach pts on potassium sparing diuretics?

A

No potassium foods
weigh daily
daily BP
teratogenic

67
Q

What are examples of loop diretics?

A

furosemide

68
Q

What are complications of loop diuretics?

A

hypokalemia
hypotension
tinnitus/ototoxicity
dehydration
drop BP

69
Q

How do you loop diuretics interact with digoxin?

A

digoxin toxicity

70
Q

How do loop diuretics interact with antihypertensives?

A

lower BP

71
Q

How do loop diuretics interact with lithium?

A

increase lithium levels

72
Q

What is the second line meds for HF?

A

glycosides (digoxin)

73
Q

What are side effects of glycosides?

A

bradycardia
cardiotoxicity
fatigue
weakness
vision changes

74
Q

What should you check before giving digoxin?

A

check apical pulse

75
Q

What are examples of adrenergic agonists?

A

catecholamine
dopamine
epinephrine
norepinephrine

NU 308 Pharmacology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions