Pharm diabetes

Question 1

Glucose homeostasis

Answer 1

1.glucose stored as glycogen
2. Converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis when blood glucose conc is low
3. Glucose may be produced by non-carbohydrate precursors by gluconeogenesis
4. Maintains blood glucose concentrations

Question 2

release mechanism of insulin

Answer 2

1. The β‐cells have K+ channels that are regulated by intracellular ATP
2. When blood glucose increases more glucose enters the β‐cells which increases the intracellular ATP which closes the + ATP channels
3. This depolarisationof the β‐cell initiates an influx of Ca2+ ions triggering insulin release
4. The insulin receptors are membrane spanning glycoproteins

Question 3

short acting insulins and examples

Answer 3

• 30-60 minutes action subcutaneous
• peak around 2-4 hours
• duration up to 8 hours
• human actrapid
• humanlin S