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patho Term 2 > PH and electrolyte imbalances > Flashcards

PH and electrolyte imbalances Flashcards

1
Q

Organs in charge of PH balance

A
  1. kidney
  2. lungs
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2
Q

Carbon acid equation

A

Co2 + H2O combine = H2CO3 = H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate)
occurs in tissue but backwards it occurs in blood and lungs

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3
Q

What is Respiratory acidosis (too many acids)

A
  • decrease CO2 output = increase hydrogen irons in blood
  • Occurs when decrease in ventilation
    = CNS depression
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4
Q

Kidneys role in resp acidosis

A
  • Increase HCO3- reabsorption
  • Increase H+ excretion (secretion)
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5
Q

S+S Resp acidosis

A
  • Headache
  • Visual disturbance
  • Lethargy
  • Disorientation
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6
Q

What is resp alkalosis

A
  • increase CO2 output = decrease H+ in blood
    = hyperventilation
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7
Q

what causes resp alkalosis

A

-Hypoxemia
- Pain
- Anxiety
- Fever
- Sepsis

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8
Q

Kidneys role in respiratory alkalosis

A

-Increase H+ reabsorption
- Increase HCO3- secretion/excretion

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9
Q

S+S of respiratory alkalosis

A
  • dizzy
  • confusion
  • muscle cramps
  • twitching
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10
Q

Two things that lead to Metabolic acidosis

A
  1. increase in bicarbonate loss
  2. hydrogen gain
    = too much acid (H+) in blood
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11
Q

What causes loss of bicarbonate loss (metabolic acidosis)

A
  • increase renal or GI loss
    = renal failure
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12
Q

What causes increase H+ gain (metabolic acidosis)

A
  • Increase lactic acid production
  • Ketoacidosis
  • Exposure of acidic substances
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13
Q

Lungs role in Metabolic acidosis

A
  • Hyperventilation (increase CO2 offload, increase H+ gain)
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14
Q

S+S Metabolic acidosis

A
  • Headache
  • Lethargy
  • Confusion
  • Hyperventilation
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15
Q

What causes Metabolic alkalosis

A

Increase H+ loss or too much HCO3- gain
= not enough acid in blood

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16
Q

What causes increase H+ loss and bicarbonate gain in Metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Increase H+ loss = increase renal (diuresis) or GI loss (vomiting)
  • Too much bicarbonate gain = excess administration (IV)
  • Excess respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis
17
Q

lung role Metabolic alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation (decrease CO2 offload = H+ retention)

18
Q

S+S Metabolic alkalosis

A
  • Confusion
  • Muscle weakness
  • Cramps
19
Q

WHat is hypernatremia

A
  • too much sodium
20
Q

what causes hypernatremia

A
  • Increase sodium gain
  • Increase water loss
    = increase sodium concentration in blood = increase osmolarity = fluid shift
21
Q

What causes increase sodium gain

A
  • over administration
  • increase water loss
22
Q

S+S of hypernatremia

A
  • thirsty
  • dry mucus membrane
  • hypovelmia
  • neurological impact
  • fever
  • weight gain
23
Q

treatment

A

Increase water to decrease sodium conc

patho Term 2 (6 decks)

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