Obesity

Question 1

How to measure Obesity

Answer 1

• BMI
• anthropometric
• water weighing
• scan

Question 2

causes of obesity and risk factors

Answer 2

• Genetic (leptin genes)
• Metabolic/endocrine

risks
- Poor diet
- No exercise
- stress

Question 3

Excess adipose tissue

Answer 3

• really high leptin levels = decrease leptin response = not necessarily decrease appetite
• dysfunction of adipocytokines = effects in many ways.
• increase adipose tissue = insulin resistance

Question 4

Cardiovascular complications with excess fat

Answer 4

• Increase atherosclerosis = increase coronary artery disease, PAD
• Increase leptin = increase SNS and RAAS = increase BP
• Altered vascular and coagulation activity = increase risk of thrombosis
• Fatty infiltration of cardiac tissues = alterations in cardiac conduction and ventricular dilation and hypertrophy

Question 5

Muscular skeletal system complications with excess fat

Answer 5

• Decrease mobility
• Shift in center of gravity = back pain
• Increase pressure on joints = microtrauma = osteoarthritis

Question 6

Endocrine and metabolic complications with excess fat

Answer 6

• Insulin resistance = diabetes
• Metabolic syndrome = increase BP, glucose levels, lipid levels in blood, fat around waist, decrease HDL