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Step 1 > Pharm autonomics, side effects, toxicities > Flashcards

Pharm autonomics, side effects, toxicities Flashcards

Note that if there is just a term, then it's a drug reaction and is asking for the offending drug

1
Q

Bethanecol

A

Ach agonist (M3)

Urinary retention

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2
Q

Methacholine

A

Ach agonist (M3)

Asthma test

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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Ach agonist (M3)

Open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma

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4
Q

Donepezil/galantamine/rivastigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Alzheimer’s

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5
Q

Edrophonium

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

MG diagnosis

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6
Q

Neostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Post-op reversal of Ach blockade

No CNS penetration

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7
Q

Physostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Atropine toxicity

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8
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

AchE inhibitor (indirect Ach agonist)

Myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

Atropine

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Eye mydriasis

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10
Q

Benztropine

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Parkinson’s and dystonia

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11
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Reduce secretions pre-op

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12
Q

Ipratropium/tiotroprium

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

COPD/asthma (prevent bronchoconstriction)

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13
Q

Oxybutynin

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Overactive bladder, reduce bladder spasms

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14
Q

Scopolamine

A

Ach muscarinic antagonist (anticholinergic)

Motion sickness

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15
Q

Albuterol/salmeterol

A

Sympathomimetic
B2>B1

asthma

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16
Q

Dobutamine

A

Sympathomimetic
B1>B2

Heart failure (inotropic)

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17
Q

Dopamine

A

Sympathomimetic
D1,D2 > B > a

Unstable bradycardia

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18
Q

Epinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
B > a

Anaphylaxis, asthma, open-angle glaucoma

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19
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Sympathomimetic
Beta! 1 and 2

Electrophysiologic eval of arrhythmias

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20
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
alpha1 > alpha2 > beta1

hypotension (decreased renal perfusion)

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21
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sympathomimetic
alpha1 > alpha 2

Hypotension (vasoconstrictor), ocular procedures, rhinitis

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22
Q

Amphetamine

A

Indirect sympathetic agonist

narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

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23
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect sympathetic agonist

Vasoconstriction, local anesthesia

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24
Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect sympathetic agonist

nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence

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25
Q

Clonidine

A

Sympatholytic (alpha 2 antagonist)

Hypertensive emergency, ADHD, Tourette

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26
Q

alpha-Methyldopa

A

Hypertension in pregnancy

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27
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Non selective Alpha blocker

Pheochromacytoma

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28
Q

Phentolamine

A

Non selective Alpha blocker

MAO-i pts who ate tyramine (old foods)

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29
Q

Prazosin/tamsulosin

A

Selective alpha-1 blocker

Urinary sx of BPH, PTSD, hypertension

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30
Q

Mirtazepine

A

Selective alpha-2 blocker

Depression

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31
Q

Acetaminophen toxicity treatment

A

NAC (replenishes glutathione)

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32
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphates toxicity treatment

A

Atropine

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33
Q

Amphetamines toxicity treatment

A

Ammonia chloride (to acidify urine)

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34
Q

Anti-cholinergics (atropine) toxicity treatment

A

Physostigmine and control hyperthermia

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35
Q

Benzodiazepines toxicity treatment

A

Flumanezil

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36
Q

B-blockers toxicity treatment

A

Glucagon

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37
Q

Carbon monoxide toxicity treatment

A

100% O2

38
Q

Copper, arsenic, gold toxicity treatment

A

Penicillinamine

39
Q

Cyanide toxicity treatment

A

Nitrite + thiosulfate

40
Q

Digoxin toxicity treatment

A

Anti-digoxin Fab fragments

41
Q

Heparin toxicity treatment

A

Protamine sulfate

42
Q

Iron toxicity treatment

A

Deferoxamine

43
Q

Lead toxicity treatment

A

EDTA, dimercaprol

44
Q

Mercury toxicity treatment

A

Dimercprol

45
Q

Methemoglobin toxicity treatment

A

Methylene blue

46
Q

Opioids toxicity treatment

A

Naloxone, naltrexone

47
Q

Salicylates toxicity treatment

A

NaHCO3 (alkaline urine), dialysis

48
Q

TCAs toxicity treatment

A

NaHCO3 (plasma alkaline)

49
Q

tPA, streptokinase, urokinase toxicity treatment

A

Aminocaproic acid

50
Q

Warfarin toxicity treatment

A

FFP, Vit. K

51
Q

Coronary vasospasm

A

Cocaine, sumatriptan, ergot alkaloids

52
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Anthracyclines (doxorubicin chemotherapy)

53
Q

Torsades de Pointes

A

Quinidine/sotalol (Class 1a,3), macrolides, antipsychotics

54
Q

Hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen, clomiphene

55
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Tacrolimus, protease inhibs, niacin, HCTZ, corticosteroids

56
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Lithium, amiodarone, sulfonamides

57
Q

Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice

A

Erythromycin

58
Q

Diarrhea

A

Metformin, Erythromycin, Colchicine, Orlistat, Acarbose

Might Excite Colon On Accident

59
Q

Hepatic necrosis

A

Halothane, death cap mushrooms, Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

60
Q

Hepatitis

A

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrate

61
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Didanosine, corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics

62
Q

Agranulocytosis

A

Ganciclovir, clozapine, carbamazepine, colchicine, methimazole, propylthiouracil (PTU)

63
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, PTU

64
Q

Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

65
Q

G6PD deficiency hemolysis

A

isoniazid, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin

66
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs

67
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Heparin

68
Q

Thrombotic complications

A

OCPs, hormone replacement therapy

69
Q

Fat redistribution

A

protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids

70
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin, Ca channel blockers, cyclosporine

71
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine

72
Q

Myopathy

A

Fibrates, niacin, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, interferon-a, penicillinamine, statins, glucocorticoids

73
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Corticosteroids, heparin

74
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Sulfonamides, amiodarine, tetracyclines, 5-FU

75
Q

Rash/SJS

A

anti-epileptic drugs (ie lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

76
Q

SLE-like syndrome

A

Sulfa drugs, hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin, etanercept

77
Q

Teet discoloration

A

Tetracyclines

78
Q

Tendonitis/tendon rupture/cartilage damage

A

Fluoroquinolones

79
Q

Parkinson-like syndrome

A

Antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide

80
Q

Seizures

A

Isoniazid, bupropion, imipenem, enflurane

81
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

lithium

82
Q

Fanconi syndrome

A

Tetracycline

83
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide

84
Q

Interstitial nephritis

A

Methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide

85
Q

SIADH

A

Carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

86
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

Bleomycin, amiodarone, busulfan, methotrexate

87
Q

Cytochrome p450 inducers

A 
Chronic alcohol
St. John's wort
anti-epileptics (Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Carbamazepine)
Rifampin
Griseofulvin (antifungal)
88
Q

Cytochrome p450 inhibitors

A 
Acute alcohol
Amiodarone
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole
Sulfonamides
Isoniazid
Grapefruit juice
Quinidine
Macrolides
89
Q

Cytochrome p450 substrates

A

Anti-epileptics
Theophylline
Warfarin
OCPs

90
Q

Sulfa drugs

A

Probenecid, furosemide, acetazolomide, celecoxib, thiazides, sulfanomides, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas

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