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Step 1 > Basic bacteriology > Flashcards

Basic bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

What components of the cell wall and outer membrane induce TNF and IL-1?

A

Lipoteichoic acid (cell wall is major surface antigen)

Lipid A (O polysaccharide)

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2
Q

Chocolate agar and factors

A

H. flu

Must include Factor V (NAD) and Factor X (hematin)

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3
Q

Thayer Martin agar

A

Neisseria

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4
Q

MacConkey agar

A

Lactose-fermenting enterics turn PINK

Enterobacter, E. Coli, Klebsiella

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5
Q

EMB agar

A

E. coli

Colonies form green metallic sheen

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6
Q

Charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron

A

Legionella

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7
Q

Obligate intracellular

A

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Coxiella

Rely on host ATP

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8
Q

Encapsulated bacteria vaccines

A

Polysaccharide capsule is conjugated to a carrier protein (Diptheria toxin), promotes T cell activation and class switching

Pneumococcal, H. flu, Meningococcal

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9
Q

Catalase + organisms

A

Nocardia, Pseudomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, Candida, E. coli, Staph, Serratia

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10
Q

Protein A

A

Binds Fc region of IgG

S. aureus

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11
Q

IgA protease

A

cleaves IgA

SHiN (Strep pneumo, H flu, Neisseria)

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12
Q

M protein

A

Prevent phagocytosis

Group A strep

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13
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

inactivate elongation-factor 2

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14
Q

Pseudomonas toxin

A

Exotoxin A

inactivate elongation-factor 2

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15
Q

Shigella toxin

A

Shiga

inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from tRNA

causes HUS (enhances cytokine release)

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16
Q

EHEC toxin

A

Shiga-like toxin

inactivate 60S ribosome by removing adenine from tRNA

causes HUS (enhances cytokine release)

17
Q

ETEC toxin

A

heat-labile = incr. cAMP –> incr. Cl secretion

heat-stable = incr. cGMP –> decr. resorption

18
Q

Bacillus anthracis toxin

A

Edema toxin

increased cAMP

19
Q

Vibrio cholerae toxin

A

Cholera toxin

overactivates adenylate cyclase (incr. cAMP), incr. Gs

incr. Cl secretion

20
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

overactivates adenylate cyclase, disables Gi

impaired phagocytosis

21
Q

C. perfringens toxin

A

alpha toxin

Phospholipase/lecithinase –> myonecrosis

22
Q

Strep pyogenes

A

Streptolysin O

degrades cell membrane, lyses RBCs, contributes to B-hemolysis

23
Q

Transformation

A

ability to take up naked DNA from environment

SHiN bacteria

prevent by adding deoxyribonuclease

24
Q

Transposition

A

Segment of DNA moves from one location in the genome to another

Allows for DNA to move from plasmid to chromosome

25
Q

Transduction

A

Phage moves DNA from one bacteria to another

Lysogenic phages contain DNA for 5 toxins

Shiga-like toxin
Botulinum
Cholera
Diphtheria
Strep pyogenes

Step 1 (32 decks)

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