Microbio - virology

Question 1

Three types of viral structure

Answer 1

naked with icosahedral capsid
enveloped with icosahedral capsid
enveloped with helical capsid

Question 2

Live attenuated viral vaccines (not killed) - humoral and cell-mediated

Answer 2

smallpox, yellow fever, rota, VZV, polio (Sabin), MMR, nasal influenza

Question 3

Killed viral vaccines (RIP Always) - humoral only

Answer 3

Rabies, Influenza (injection), Polio (salk), HAV SalK = Killed

Question 4

Viral genome rules

Answer 4

DNA - ds except for Parvo (ss), linear except for polyoma, papilloma, hepadna (circular), replicate in the nucleus!

RNA - ss except for Reo (eg rota, ds), replicate in the cytoplasm (except flu and retrovirus)

Question 5

DNA virus characteristics

Answer 5

Hep B, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, HPV, JC/BK

double-stranded, linear

Question 6

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 6

Adenovirus - also febrile pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis

Question 7

JC virus, BK virus (give the virus family)

Answer 7

Polyoma virus

Junky Cerebrum, Bad Kidney

Question 8

Picornavirus

Answer 8

PERCH on a “peak” (pic-o)

Polio, Echo, Rhino, Coxsackie, HAV

RNA virus, codes for 1 large polypeptide that is cleaved into many smaller active viral proteins

Question 9

positive vs. negative sense RNA

Answer 9

positive sense = 5’ –> 3’, can be directly translated, is acts as viral mRNA

negative sense = 3’ –> 5’, complementary to viral mRNA, must carry RNA polymerase

Question 10

negative-stranded viruses, which carry their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 10

Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication

Paramyxo (RSV/parainfluenza/mumps/measles)
Orthomyxo (Influenza)
Filo (Ebola)
Rhabdo (rabies)

Question 11

Rhinovirus

Answer 11

acid-labile - destroyed by stomach acid, no effect on GI tract

Question 12

Rotavirus

Answer 12

villous destruction with apical atrophy, decreased Na absorption, loss of K

Question 13

Influenza (orthomyxo)

Answer 13

hemagglutinin (promotes viral entry), neuraminidase (promotes progeny virion release)

risk of bacterial superinfection with Staph Aureus

Question 14

genetic shift vs. drift

Answer 14

Sudden Shift is deadlier than graDual Drift

Question 15

Paramyxo

Answer 15

PRM

• parainfluenza (croup), RSV, mumps/measles
• all have surface F protein (causes respiratory epithelial cells fuse)

Question 16

Rhabdo

Answer 16

Rabies - Negri bodies in neurons (Purkinje/hippocampus), retrograde transport on axons after binding to Ach receptors

Question 17

Hepatitis letters (A, B, C, D, E)

Answer 17

HAV: Asymptomatic, Acute, Alone
HBV: Blood, Birth, Baby-making (sex)
HCV: Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier
HDV: Defective, Dependent
HEV: Enteric, Expectant, Epidemic

Question 18

HBV serologies

Answer 18

6 phases
Active infection: HbSAg, HBeAg, IgM
Window: HBeAg, anti-HBe, IgM
Chronic (high infec.): HBsAg, HBeAg, IgG
Chronic (low infec): HBsAg, anti-HBe, IgG
Recovery: anti-HBs, anti-HBe, IgG
Immunized: anti-HBs, IgG

Question 19

HIV facts to know

Answer 19

diploid genome - 2 molecules of RNA

Homozygous CCR5 mutation = immunity

Four stages of infection - Flu-like, Feeling fine, Falling count, Final crisis

Question 20

HBeAg

Answer 20

indicates replication, infectivity

Immunized: no anti-HBe since there was never infection

Question 21

HIV structural genes (3 total)

Answer 21

3 structural genes -

env (120 = attachment to CD4 T cells, 41 = fusion and entry)
gag (capsid protein)
pol (reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease

Question 22

RNA viruses

Answer 22

NOT HAPPY: not Hep B, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, HPV, JC/BK