Pharm: Antivirals

Question 1

Drugs used for pox viruses

Answer 1

Cidofovir

Question 2

Drugs used for HHV-6

Answer 2

Cidofovir, Foscarnet, Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

Question 3

Drugs used for HHV-7

Answer 3

Cidofovir

Question 4

Drugs used for HHV8

Answer 4

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

Question 5

Diseases that Acyclovir is used for

Answer 5

VZV (primary and reactivation)

Question 6

Diseases that cidofovir is used for

Answer 6

Pox viruses, HHV-6 & 7

Question 7

Diseases that famciclovir is used for

Answer 7

Chicken pox

Question 8

Diseases that Foscarnet is used for

Answer 8

HHV-6

Question 9

Diseases that ganciclovir is used for

Answer 9

HHV-6, HHV-8

Question 10

Diseases that valacyclovir is used for

Answer 10

VZV (primary or reactivation)

Question 11

Diseases that Valganciclovir is used for

Answer 11

HHV-6, HHV-8

Question 12

Which drugs require phosphorylation to be active?

Answer 12

all the -cyclovirs or -ciclovirs

Question 13

Acyclovir toxicity

Answer 13

Neurotoxic (including seizures)

Question 14

Which drugs do not require phosphorylation to be active?

Answer 14

Foscarnet, cidofovir,

Question 15

Which drugs have cross-reactive hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 15

All the -cyclovirs and -ciclovirs

Question 16

Cidofovir toxicity

Answer 16

Nephrotoxic, probenecid hypersensitivity

Question 17

Famciclovir toxicity

Answer 17

None

Question 18

Valacyclovir toxicity

Answer 18

Same as acyclovir (Neurotoxic (including seizures)

Question 19

Foscarnet toxicity

Answer 19

Electrolyte imbalance: chelates Ca2+

Question 20

Ganciclovir toxicity

Answer 20

Blood dyscrasias, teratogen

Question 21

Valganciclovir toxicity

Answer 21

Same as ganciclovir (Blood dyscrasias, teratogen)

Question 22

Metabolism/excretion of antivirals

Answer 22

Little metabolism; renal excretion

Question 23

When do you have to adjust the dose of the antivirals?

Answer 23

In patients with renal dysfunction (may cause renal failure if you don’t)

Question 24

MOA of all of the cyclovirs and ciclovirs

Answer 24

Competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase

Question 25

MOA of cidofovir

Answer 25

Competes with deoxycytosine triphosphate for viral DNA polymerase

Question 26

MOA of foscarnet

Answer 26

Binds at pyrophosphate binding sites to viral DNA polymerase, preventing cleavage of pyrophosphates from nucleotides and stopping DNA chain elongation

Question 27

MOA of acyclovir

Answer 27

Immediately stops chain elongation because it lacks a 3' OH group

Question 28

MOA of gancyclovir

Answer 28

Does have a 3' OH group, so it allows DNA chain elongation to continue for a little bit

Question 29

Drugs for shingles

Answer 29

Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

Question 30

Drugs for chicken pox

Answer 30

Acyclovir, valacyclovir