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Nursing > Pharm-antihypertensive > Flashcards

Pharm-antihypertensive Flashcards

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1
Q

Ending of ace inhibitors

A

-pril

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2
Q

Ending of ARB’s

A

-sartan

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3
Q

Mechanism of action for ACE’s and ARBS

A

inhibits RAAS, body doesn’t retain fluid in kidneys, impacts loop of henle. RAAS system lets Na and water in and kick K+ out. Ace’s and arbs prevent this so Keep water out and lets potassium in.
This means they lower BP, not HR

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4
Q

Side effects of Aces and ARBS

A

Think AACE
- avoid with pregnancy
- angio edema
- Cough- for aces (dry hacking)
- elevated potassium
-Interact negatively with other drugs that affect potassium levels

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5
Q

What do Beta Blockers do

A

Lower HR and BP

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6
Q

Mechanism of action for Beta Blockers

A

Lowers HR and BP
Causes:
decrease resistance
Decrease workload
Decrease cardiac output
Which means bad for patients with acute, or worsening heart failure

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7
Q

Beta Blockers Side Effects

A

Think 3 B’s
Bradycardia, and Blood Sugar Masking

Bradycardia
Hold for HR less than 60, or BP systolic less than 100, or MAP less than 60
Slow position changes
Breathin problems
Wheezing
Bad for HF patients
Can worsen HF patients
Look for
New Edema
Worsening crackles
Rapid weight gain
New JVD
Always report to HCP
Blood sugar masking
Sugars below 70
Hide cool, shaky, clammy, even hides increased HR

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8
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers end with

A

-dipine, (nifedipine) cardizem and verapamil

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9
Q

What doe CCB’s do

A

calms heart, lowers BP and HR

Nifedipine
Think declines the HR, not BP
Diltiazem
Like “zen yoga”
Relaxes BP and HR
Verapamil
“Calm and chill”
Lowers BP and HR

Works by relaxing blood vessles, making it easier to pump blood

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10
Q

CCB nursing considerations

A

Count HR and BP before giving
Change positions slowly- prevent orthostatic hypotension
Bad headaches are normal

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11
Q

What does Digoxin do? Why give it

A

-digs for deeper contraction, increases contractility
- given for systolic HF
- negative chronotropic- decreases HR, not BP

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12
Q

Top signs of Digoxin toxicty

A

Over 2.0
Early signs are vision changes or blurred vision and nausea and vomiting

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13
Q

Nursing considerations for Dig

A

Older patients and decreased kidney function increased risk for toxicity
Any patient with creatinine over 1.3, means kidney injuree
Potassium- low potassium, below 3.5, increases risk for dig toxicity
At risk is anyone taking thaizide or loop diuretics

  • Must check apical pulse for 60 seconds before giving
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14
Q

Dilators

A

Given for chest pain, and HF patients to lower BP
Open up blood pressure to decreased BP and decrease resistance
Lowers preload and afterload

Top 5
Nitroglycerin
Nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Isosobride
Minoxidil

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15
Q

precautions for dilators

A

No viagra- drugs ending in -afil, sildenafil
Stop nitro if systolic lower than 100

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16
Q

Early signs of too much Nitro or LOW BP

A

Diaphoretic
Pallor
Irritability
Dizzy and lack of coordinatio

17
Q

Expected side effects of Nitro and other dilators

A

Headache
Orthostatic Hypotension
Hot flushing or facial redness

18
Q

What is the ending for potassium wasting diuretics

A

-ide.
Loop diuretics like furosemide, torsemide, bumetanide
Give “ides to make the body dry”

19
Q

Main potassium sparing diuretic? and basic mechanism of action

A

Spironolactone- S for Sparing potassium

Blocks aldosterone directly

20
Q

Nursing Considerations for k+ sparing diuretics

A

Before giving always check:
BP- hold for low BP
BUN and Creatinine
Check before giving, can hurt kidneys
Potassium imbalances
- teach to avoid potassium rich foods

21
Q

What is the indication for diuretics

A

Indicating worsening HF include rapid weight gain, worsening crackles, and new edema
Give “ides to make the body dry”
Avoid licorice root which lowers potassium

22
Q

nursing considerations for diuretics

A

Give in morning not at night
Slow position changes to prevent ortho hypotension
Daily weights
Report change in 2-3 lbs or more
Risk for sun burn
Low sodium diet
No processed foods

23
Q

what do Aces and ARBS do

A

Lower BP, not HR

Nursing (10 decks)

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