NCLEX Study 2 Flashcards
PaCO2 Range
35-45
pH Range
7.35-7.45
HCO3
22-28
Lamotragine, What’s it used for?
Epilepsy, brand name Lamictil. Mood stabilizer for bipolar
Condition that is caused by an increase in cortisol levels
Cushing’s Disease
Condition causing decreased cortisol levels
Addison’s disease
SLE- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Autoimmune disorder. Widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Immune systema attacks joints, skin, lungs, kidneys, blood vessels.
Minimize direct exposure to sunlight. UV light exacerbates all aspects of the disease
Fever, rashes, fatigue
Isoniazid and Rifampin
Isoniazid- used to treat TB
- take B Vitamin to prevent neuropathy
Rifampin- antibiotic also used in TB tx
- may cause organgeish reddening of the skin
Both are hepatoxic, look for darkening urine, and NO alcohol
Fat Embolism- S/Sx
Like a PE, but after a major fracture.
-SOB
-pain worsening with inhalation
-coughing, low O2
Associated with petechiae (reddish purple spots)
Phenazopyridine
Med for symptomatic relief of dysuria. Causes harmless orange discoloration of urine
Brachytherapy-What is it and what are the considerations?
Implanted radium implants
-provides high dose radiation
-need single rooms
-no pregnant or children visitors
-remain 6 ft from the patient
-
- Visitors for only 30 min to 2 hr a day
What is acute coronary syndrome? Symptoms?
Blood flow to the heart is stopped or reduced causing damage to the heart tissue.
Symptoms: pallor, progressive worsening of symptoms, epigastric pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness
What is Clonidine used for?
Antihypertension, and pain relief
Side effects: Dry mouth, drowsiness,
Normal range newborn vital signs
HR 120-160
RR 30-60
Temp 97.7-99.5
Vigorous cry
muscle tone
Umbilical cord that has 2 arteries and 1 vein
Which labs need to be monitored for a patient taking lithium?
Cr, Na, TSH
Reportable conditions to the local health department
HIV, Hep A, syphilis, gonorrhea, chicken pox, chlamydia, pulmonary TB, rabies, influenza
Considerations taking Doxycycline
Take without food to enhance absorption
calcium decreases the effectiveness of doxy
Symptoms of DVT and
Treatment
Swelling, redness, warmth, tenderness
Tx: DVT
- Don’t walk, Bedrest, no heat, don’t want to dislodge, no tedhoes no SCD’s
-elevate leg
-
Compartment syndrome signs
Pain and Paresthesia (numbness and tingling)
- pain unrelieved by morphine
-extreme pain with passive movement
all these indicate muscle ischemia
Dark urine and metallic tastes are associated with which antibiotic
Metronidazole
Infant developmental milestones 0-3 months
No head control
grasp reflex developing
rooting reflex developing
Infant developmental milestones at 2-3 months
Head control gets better, raise head when prone
kicks both legs
Infant developmental milestones 4-5 months
No head lag
role from front to back
grabs objects voluntarily
diminishing of morro reflex
mimic sounds
Infant developmental milestones 6-9 months
Birth weight doubles at 6 months
sit up unsupported
pull self up
hold big bottle
transfer objects from one hand to other
basic words- need to be babbling by 9 months
identify faces and strangers
separations anxiety begins at 6 months
Infant developmental milestones 10-12 months
prone to sitting
10-pincer grasp, can pick up small foods
11- neat pincer grasp
understand simple words
purposeful play ie build sort stack
Infant developmental milestones 12 months
birth weight triples
sit down from standing position
walk 1 step while holding hand
crawl up stairs
try to build 2 block tower unsuccessfully
attempt to turn book pages
follow short commands
Infant developmental milestones 18 months
walk up and down stairs while holding a hand
throw a ball
jump in place with both feet
able to hold cup and spoon
scribble with crayons
build tower of 4 blocks
10 word vocab
Infant developmental milestones 2 years
Walk without help
run and kick a ball
walk up and down stairs independently
2-3 word sentences
build tower of 7 blocks
draw vertical lines
turn pages 1 page at a time
say own name
300+ words
Infant developmental milestones 3 year olds
draw circles
spoon feeds self
rides tricycle
3-4 word sentences
follow complex instructions
associative play
catch a ball 50% of time
4 sided shapes
Dopamine effects
Used to treat cardiogenic shock, activate alpha 1 receptors to increase BP (think anaconda like constriction)
-activate Beta 1 receptors to increase contractility, deep contraction
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Stage 1: Creates a host of clots, or thrombi, which block small blood vessels and causes many organs to infarct due to poor oxygenation
Stave 2: Body runs out of clotting factors
Bleeding begins to occur everywhere, all over body, under skin, nose and mouth, and organs. Complications can include organ failure
Characteristics of cystic fibrosis
Mucus in lungs and digestive system.
Poor weight gain and failure to thrive
weight loss and lack of appetite
recurrent lung infections
blood tinged sputum
constipation and loose fatty stools (steatorrhea)
Nursing considerations
-High calorie meals
-increase fluid intake
-encourage exercise
-postural drainage
Most common medication for cystic firbosis
Acetylcysteine- helps loosen and thin mucus secretions. Protects the kidney’s, antidote to Tylenol.
Rotten egg smell- normal side effect
Cardiac Tamponade
S/Sx
Sac around the heart fills with fluid, which put pressure on the heart and decreases cardiac output
S/Sx: Low O2, tachycardia, weak or thready pulse, restlessness, narrowing pulse pressures, uneven low QRS complexes
Causes of Cardiac Tamponade and Treatments
-penetrating Trauma
-Blunt force Trama
-Cardiac Surgery
-heart attack
Tx:
-pericardiocentesis
Nursing considerations
-keep pt on cardiac monitor
-expect catheter to be left in place to drain fluid
-periodically assess device for kinks
What is Bec’s triad?
symptoms of cardiac tamponade:
- big JVD
-Extremely low BP
-Can’t hear heart sounds (muffled from fluid)
What is metabolic syndrome?
Metabolic syndrome is a chronic condition that occurs when someone has at least three of the following risk factors:
Waist circumference: A waistline of at least 35 in (89 cm) for women and 40 in (102 cm) for men
Triglyceride levels: 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) or higher
HDL cholesterol levels: Less than 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol/L) for men and less than 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) for women
Blood pressure: 130/85 mm Hg or higher
Fasting blood sugar: 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) or higher
Atelectasis
Part or all of a lunch collapses due to pressure, blockage, or anesthesia, among other causes
Pregnancy risk complications due to iron deficiency anemia
Low birth weight
preterm delivery
perinatal mortality
What is the medication Acamprosate used for?
Used to support alcohol abstinence in individuals who have recently stopped drinking
