Missed Study Questions 2

Question 1

What is HHNS?

Answer 1

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Non-ketotic Syndrome

Associated with type 2 DM
Slow onset and slow to fix

Question 2

Top causes of DKA

Answer 2

Sepsis
Sickness like the flu
Stress (like surgery)
Skip insulin

Question 3

Average birth weight for a full term baby

Answer 3

5.5-8.2 lb

Question 4

Early decelerations means

Answer 4

Pressure of baby’s head on cervix

Question 5

Symptoms of mild preeclampsia

Answer 5

BP greater than 140/90 in 2 occasions at lease 2 hours appart
Protienuria
CNS irritability like headaches and hyperreflexia
Visual disturbances
Liver enzymes up, Cr and BUN up d/t decreased renal perfusion

Question 6

Nursing interventions for preeclampsia

Answer 6

Monitor BP
Encourage bed rest on left side
Seizure precautions
Monitor for HELLP and DIC

Question 7

Nursing interventions for preeclampsia

Answer 7

Monitor BP
Encourage bed rest on left side
Seizure precautions
Monitor for HELLP and DIC

Question 8

placental previa vs abruptio placentae

Answer 8

Previa: Painless bright red vaginal bleeding, may be treated with bed rest, but complete will be like abruptio
Risk factors: >35, smoking

Abruptio: Big deal, deadly, severe pain and bleeding, dark red vaginal bleeding abdomen board like and very tender, immediate C section and blood transfusion

Question 9

Interventions for abruptio placentae

Answer 9

prepare for emergency C section
apply continuous external fetal monitoring
Make sure to get IV access and type screen for anticipated blood transfusion
watch for signs of hypovolemic shock
- pallor
- tachycardia
-hypotension

Question 10

intervention for placental previa

Answer 10

-IV access and type and screen
-anticipate blood transfusion
- pad counts to assess bleeding
-Electronic fetal monitoring
-prepare for C section before onset of labor
-Give betamethasone for pre term newborns to assist with lung development
-No vaginal exams, sex, or duching

Question 11

What is cholecystitis?
What are risk factors?

Answer 11

Inflammation of the gallbladder
usually caused by cholelithiasis (gallstones)

risk factors: high fat diet, obesity, over 40

Question 12

signs and symptoms of cholecystitis

Answer 12

right upper quadrant pain radiating to right shoulder
fevers with chills
tachycardia
vomiting green or bile colored emesis
pain gets worse with high fat or greasy foods

If there is block in bile duct- signs of jaundice and elevated bilirubin levels

Question 13

What does the medication Fondaparinux do?

Answer 13

Selective inhibitor of factor Xa, used to treat DVT and PE

Question 14

critical signs of HELLP syndrome

Answer 14

in 3rd trimester with RUQ pain
nausea/vomiting
epigastric pain

Question 15

Common causes of HHNS

Answer 15

Illness and Infection

Question 16

signs and symptoms of DKA

Answer 16

blood sugar 250-500
dehydrated

Keytones, fruity breath, and kussamal respirations
Abdominal pain- not in HHNS
metabolic acidosis- pH 7.35 or less

Question 17

signs and symptoms of HHNS

Answer 17

sugar over 600
extreme dehydration- higher fluid loss than DKA
Confusion
No abdominal Pain, no keytones
slower onset and stable potassium

Question 18

Treatment of DKA

Answer 18

Treat dehydration first 0.9% NS
hourly blood sugar checks, want to bring down sugars slowly
sugars over 250- IV regular insulin
blood sugar below 200- switch to subq insulin + D5W to IV
Potassium during IV insulin (Even when K+ is normal)

Question 19

Treatment of HHNS

Answer 19

Treat dehydration first 0.9% NS
hourly blood sugar checks, want to bring down sugars slowly
sugars over 250- IV regular insulin
blood sugar below 200- switch to subq insulin + D5W to IV
re-assess hydration- looking for stable BP, cap refill, skin PWD, urine output greater than 30 ml per hour

Question 20

Therapeutic Warfarin INR range

Answer 20

2-3

Question 21

What is Moro Reflex?
When does it diminish in infants?

Answer 21

let an infant fall back, they raise up and out arms (ie think they’re falling)
diminishes at 3 months, absent at 6 months

Question 22

what is protamine sulfate used for

Answer 22

Heparin reversal agent