Pharm: ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA of the stimulants used for ADHD?

A
  • Block presynaptic reuptake, interference with VMAT
  • ↑ in NT release —> NE, then DA, then 5-HT each at ↑ dose
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2
Q

Which isomers of AMP/MPH have more CNS activity?

A

D-isomers of AMP/MPH

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3
Q

What is methylphenidate’s main activity (MOA)?

A
  • Inhibition of DA reuptake and inhibition of NT pre-synaptic reuptake
  • Doesn’t appear to stimulate release of NT’s
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4
Q

What must you always assess for before prescribing stimulants for ADHD?

A

Structural cardiac abnormalities

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5
Q

What is the onset of activity for stimulants in most patients?

A

Usually 24 hours

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6
Q

What is the duration of action of the IR amphetamine-based stimulants?

A

4-6 hours

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7
Q

Which IR amphetamine-based stimulant comes in a liquid form?

A

Dextroamphetamine Sulfate / ProCentra

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8
Q

Which IR amphetamine-based stimulant comes in a capsule form?

A

Amphetamine Sulfate/ Evekeo

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9
Q

Which XR amphetamine-based stimulant comes in a liquid form with a 13-hour duration of action?

A

Amphetamine / Dyanavel XR

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10
Q

Which XR amphetamine-based stimulant comes in a capuslar form and has the longest duration (16 hrs)?

A

Amphetamine (mixed salts) / Mydayis

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11
Q

What is Adzenys XR-ODT used for ADHD and who is it given to?

A
  • Non-IR form of amphetamine –> 50% IR and 50% XR
  • 3:1 ratio of d-amphetamine and L-amphetamine
  • NO water necessary –> children 6 y/o +
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12
Q

Which 2 IR methylphenidate-based stimulants used for ADHD come in a tab form; what is the their duration of action?

A
  • Dexmethylphenidate / Focalin: 4-6 hours
  • Methylphenidate / Ritalin: 3-4 hours
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13
Q

Which IR methylphenidate-based stimulants comes in a liquid form and has a 3-4 hour duration of action?

A

Methylphenidate / Methylin Oral solution

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14
Q

What are the 2 sustained-release methylphenidate-based stimulants?

A
  • Methylphenidate / Ritalin-SR
  • Methamphetamine / Desoxyn
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15
Q

Which XR methylphenidate-based stimulant comes as a transdermal patch?

A

Methylphenidate Transdermal / Daytrana

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16
Q

Which XR methylphenidate-based stimulants comes in a liquid form and has formulas with 8, 10, and 12-hours durations?

A

Methylphenidate / Quillivant XR

17
Q

Which 2 XR methylphenidate-based stimulants come in a tablet form and have a 12-hour duration of action?

A
  • Methylphenidate HCL/ Concerta
  • Methylphenidate ER / Contempla XR-ODT
18
Q

Which 4 XR Methylphenidate-Based stimulants come in a capsule form; which has the longest duration of action?

A
  • Methylphenidate / Aptensio XR: 12 hours
  • Dexmethyphenidate HCl / Focalin XR
  • Methylphenidate HCl / Metadate
  • Methylphenidate HCl ER / Ritalin LA
19
Q

What is the main effect (MOA) of the non-stimulants used for ADHD: Atomoxetine, Guanfacine and Clonidine?

A
  • Inhibition of NE pre-synaptic reuptake: Atomoxetine
  • Agonists of CNS α2A adrenergic receptors: Guanfacine/Clonidine
20
Q

What is the onset of activity for the non-stimulants used for ADHD?

A

1-4+ weeks

21
Q

What form does Atomoxetine/Strattera come in and what is its duration of action?

A

Capsule form w/ a 24-hr duration of action

22
Q

Why should you not open the capsules of Atomoxetine?

A

Ocular irritant

23
Q

What form does Clonidine/Kapvay and Guanfacine/Intuniv come in and what is their duration of action?

A

Tablet form w/ a 12-24 hr duration

24
Q

When using the non-stimulants, Guanfacine and Clonidine, for ADHD why is it important to titrate th dose down over 1+ weeks upon discontinuation?

A

Risk of rebound HTN

25
Q

What are the 3 capsular forms of XR amphetamine-based stimulants?

A
  • Dextroamphetamine/Adderall XR
  • Dextroamphetamine/Dexedrine
  • Lisdexamfetamine/Vynase