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Step Review > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What is used to treat gout?

A

Acute: NSAIDs, steroids, and colchicine (prevents polymerization of microtubules)

Chronic: allopurinol (inhibits XO), febuxostat (inhibits XO), probenecid (decreases reabsorption), pegloticase (converts uric acid –> allantoin)

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2
Q

Type 1 antiarrhythmics

A

Block inactivated sodium channels –> slows phase 0 (upstroke) of action potential –> widened QRS as HR increases

Used for tachycardias

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3
Q

Class 1A antiarrhythmics

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide

Also inhibits K+ channels –> prolonged action potential –> prolonged QT

Treats supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias (WPW)

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4
Q

Class 1B antiarrhythmics

A

Lidocaine, Phenytoin, Mexiletine

Shortened action potential

Treats ventricular arrhythmias (Ischemia)

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5
Q

Class 1C antiarrhythmics

A

Flecanide, Propafenone

Most drastic slowing of phase 0 upstroke but no affects on action potential duration

Used to treat aFib

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6
Q

Nitrates MOA

A

NO –> increased cGMP –> myosin light chain dephosphorylation –> increased venous dilation –> decreased preload

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7
Q

How to treat nitrate induced methemoglobinemia?

A

Sulfates

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8
Q

Low potency 1st gen antipsychotics

A

Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine

High risk of sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic effects

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9
Q

High potency 1st gen antipsychotics

A

Haloperidol, Fluphenazine, Trifluoperazine

High risk of extrapyramidal effects

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10
Q

Extrapyramidal side effects

A

Acute dystonia: sustained muscle contraction
Akathisia: inability to sit still
Cogwheel rigidity (can use benztropine, trihexyphenidyl)
Tardive dyskinesia

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11
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome cause and symptoms

A

Caused by antipsychotics

Leady pipe rigidity 
Fever
Autonomic instability 
Increased creatine kinase 
Altered mental status
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12
Q

Beta Lactams MOA

A

Halt peptidoglycan synthesis by binding Penicillin Binding Proteins

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13
Q

What confers genes for beta lactamases?

A

Plasmids

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14
Q

Empiric treatment for meningitis

A

3rd generation cephalosporin and vancomycin

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15
Q

Muscarinic agonists

A

Bethanechol, pilocarpine, methacholine

Used to treat urinary retention, constipation, dry mouth, and acute glaucoma

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16
Q

Muscarinic and Nicotinic agonist

A

Carbachol

Used to constrict pupils to treat glaucoma

17
Q

Varenicline

A

Partial nicotinic agonist used to treat smoking cessation

18
Q

Metyrapone

A

Inhibits 11-beta-hydroxylase –> decreased cortisol synthesis

Used to test HPA axis integrity

19
Q

Emicizumab

A

A monoclonal antibody that mimics factor VIII

20
Q

Adenosine

A

Causes hyperpolarization of nodal pacemaker to briefly block conduction through AV node

Used to treat paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Adverse: flushing, bronchospasm, and hypotension

21
Q

What can treat torsades?

A

Mg

22
Q

-tidine

Ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine

A

H2 receptor blockers –> decrease gastric acid secretion

Cimetidine inhibits CYP450 (gynecomastia, impotence)

23
Q

Side effects of PPIs

A

Increased risk of C diff and respiratory infections

Decreased absorption of iron, calcium, and magnesium

24
Q

Class III antiarrhythmics

A

Block K+ channels to prolong phase 3 and 4 of myocyte action potential

Amiodorone, dofetilide, ibutilide, sotalol

25
Q

Amiodarone side effects

A 
CNS effects
Gray corneal deposits and Gray-blue skin 
Hyper/hypothyroidism
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Heart block  and torsades 
CYP450 inhibitor
26
Q

Bosentan

A

Endothelin inhibitor

Can cause hepatotoxicity

27
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Binds fungal microtubules

Activates CYP450

28
Q

Bioavailability

A

AUC oral/ AUC IV x 100

29
Q

Volume of distribution

A

Amount injected/ concentration in plasma

30
Q

Clearance

A

0.7 x Vd/ half life

The higher the volume of distribution the higher the clearance

31
Q

Loading dose

A

Target concentration x Vd / Bioavailablity

32
Q

Rasburicase

Pegloticase

A

Converts uric acid into more water-soluble allantoin

Step Review (17 decks)

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