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Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanechol

  • MoA
  • use for
  • action
A

ACh agonist

  • post-ob ileus, neurogenic ileus, urinary retention
  • act’s bowel and bladder SmM, resistant to AChE (Bethany call “bethanechol” me if you want to act. your bladder and bowel!)
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2
Q

Carbachol

  • MoA
  • use for
A

ACh agonist (Carbon copy of ACh)

  • glaucoma, pupillary contraction, relief of IOP
  • carbon copy of ACh
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3
Q

Pilocarpine

  • MoA
  • use for
  • action
A

ACh agonist
- stim’s sweat, tears, saliva; open/closed angle glaucoma
- contracts ciliary m. (open-angle glaucoma), pupillary sphincter (closed-angle); resistant to AChE
“You cry, drool and sweat on your PILlow”

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4
Q

Methacholine

  • MoA
  • use for
A

ACh agonist

- challenge test for dx of asthma (stim’s M Rs in airway when inhaled)

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5
Q

Neostigmine

  • MoA
  • use for
  • CNS?
A

cholinesterase inhibitor

  • post-op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, MG, reverse nm block post-op
  • No CNS penetration
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6
Q

Pyridostigmine

  • MoA
  • use for
A

cholinesterase inhibitor

- MG (long-acting), no CNS

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7
Q

Edrophonium

  • MoA
  • use for
A

cholinesterase inhibitor

- dx of MG (very short acting)

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8
Q

Physostigmine

  • MoA
  • use for
A

cholinesterase inhibitor

  • Xs BBB -> CNS!
  • “phyxes” Atropine overdose
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9
Q

Donepezil

  • MoA
  • use for
A

cholinesterase inhibitor

- Alzheimer’s dz

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10
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

  • usu due to?
  • sx
  • antidote
A
  • organophosphates, irreversibly inhib AChE
  • D, urination, miosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of SkM and CNS, lacrimation, sweating, salivation
  • atropine + pralidoxime (regen active AChE)
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11
Q

Atropine, homatropine and tropicamide: do what in the eye

A

M antag -> mydriasis (incr’d dilation) and cycloplegia

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12
Q

Benztropine does what in the CNS?

A

M antag -> use in PD (Park my Benz)

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13
Q

Scopolamine does what in the CNS?

A

M antag -> use for motion sickness

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14
Q

Ipratropium, tiotropium: do what in lungs?

A

M antag -> use for COPD, asthma to stop bronchospasm

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15
Q

Oxybutynin does what in GU?

A

M antag -> reduce urgency in mild cystitis and reduce bladder spasms

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16
Q

Glycopyrrolate does what in GI/resp?

A

M antag ->
parenteral: pre-op to reduce secretions
PO: drooling, peptic ulcer

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17
Q

Atropine

  • MoA
  • used for?
  • toxicity?
A

M antag

  • trt bradycardia, eye problems
  • incr’d body T (from decr’d sweating), rapid pulse, dry mouth, dry flushed skin, cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation, acute angle-closure glaucoma from mydriasis (dilation), urinary retention in men w/ BPH, hyperthermia in infants
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18
Q

EPI

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

a & b Rs

- anaphylaxis, glaucoma (open angle), asthma, hypotension

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19
Q

NE

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

a1, a2 > b1

- hypotension (but decr’d renal perfusion)

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20
Q

Isoproterenol

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

b1, b2
- TdP (bc tachycardia decr’s QT int), bradyarrhythmias (worse ischemia)
[b2 -> vasodil -> reflex incr HR + b1 incr’s HR]

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21
Q

DA

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

high dose: a1 a2
med dose: b1 b2
low dose: D1
- shock (incr renal perfusion by relaxing vasc), HF (inotropic and chronotropic)

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22
Q

Dobutamine

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

b1 (weak at a1 a2 b2)

- HF (both types), cardiac stress testing

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23
Q

Phenylephrine

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

a1 > a2

- hypotension (vasoconstric, incr’s BP), ocular procedures (dilates), rhinitis (decongestant)

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24
Q

Albuterol, salmeterol

  • works on?
  • use for?
A

b2 > b1

- Metaproterenol and albuterol for acute asthma, salmeterol for LT asthma/COPD control

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25
Ritodrine - works on? - use for?
- b2 | - reduce premature uterine contractions
26
Amphetamine - works on? - use for?
releases stored NE/EPI/DA | - narcolepsy, obesity, ADD
27
Ephedrine - works on? - use for?
releases stored NE/EPI/DA | - nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence
28
Cocaine - works on? - use for?
inhib's NE/EPI/DA reuptake - causes vasoconstriction and local anesthesia; never give b-blockers if cocaine intox suspected (-> unopposed alpha and HTN)
29
Terbutaline - works on? - use for?
b2 > b1 | - reduce premature uterine contractions by relaxing uterus
30
Clonidine - MoA - use for
central a2 agonist | - HTN, esp w/ renal dz (decr's symp outflow)
31
a-Methyldopa - MoA - use for
central a2 agonist | - HTN, esp w/ renal dz (decr's symp outflow)
32
Phenoxybenzamine - MoA - use for
a-blocker (irreversible) | - pheo (give before removing tumor)
33
Phentolamine - MoA - use for
a-blocker (reversible) | - pt's on MAOIs who eat Tyr-containing foods (wine, cheese)
34
"-osin" Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin - MoA - use for - 1st dose can cause?
a1-blocker - HTN, BPH urinary retention - orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA
35
Mirtazapine - MoA - use for - SEs
a2-blocker - depression - sedation, incr'd serum choles, incr'd appetite
36
Antidote for: acetaminophen
N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
37
Antidote for: salicylates
NaHCO3 (alk urine), dialysis
38
Antidote for: amphetamines
basic drug -> NH4Cl to acidify urine
39
Antidote for: AChEIs, organophosphates
atropine + pralidoxime
40
Antidote for: anti-M/ACh agents
physostigmine salicylate, control hyperthermia
41
Antidote for: b-blockers
glucagon (stim's cAMP)
42
Antidote for: digitalis
KLAM: normalize K+, Lidocaine (blocks Na ch's -> use for VT arrhythmia), Anti-dig Fab, Mg2+
43
Antidote for: Iron
deFEroxamine, deFErasirox
44
Antidote for: Lead
CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer, penicillamine
45
Antidote for: Mercury, Arsenic, Gold
Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
46
Antidote for: Copper, Arsenic, Gold
Penicillamine
47
Antidote for: Cyanide
Nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamine
48
Antidote for: Methemoglobin
Methylene blue, VitC (helps reduce)
49
Antidote for: CO
100% O2, hyperbaric O2
50
Antidote for: Methanol, ethylene glycol
Fomepizole > EtOH, dialysis
51
Antidote for: opioids
Naloxone/naltrexone | [IV R antag / PO R antag]
52
Antidote for: benzo's
Flumazenil
53
Antidote for: TCAs
NaHCO3 (pl alk)
54
Antidote for: heparin
protamine
55
Antidote for: warfarin
VitK, FFP
56
Antidote for: tPA, streptokinase, urokinase
aminocaproic acid (Lys analog, which is where these guys bind)
57
Antidote for: theophylline
b-blocker | [it's a methylxanthine -> (+) inotrope]
58
What causes coronary vasospasm?
Cocaine Sumatriptan Ergot alkaloids
59
What causes cut flushing?
``` VANC: Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin CCBs ```
60
What causes dilated cardiomyopathy?
doxorubicin (Adriamycin), daunorubicin
61
What causes TdP?
Class III (sotalol) + Class IA (quinidine) antiarrhythmics
62
What causes agranulocytosis?
"Agran Could Certainly Cause Pretty Major Damage" Clozapine, Carbamazepine, Colchicine Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Dapsone
63
What causes aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol, benzene, NSAIDs, propylthiouracil, methimazole
64
What causes Direct Coombs-pos hemolytic anemia?
a-Methyldopa, Pn
65
What causes Gray baby synd?
Chloramphenicol
66
What causes hemolysis in G6PD?
Hemolysis IS PAIN: | Isoniazid (INH), Sulfonamides, Primaquine, ASA, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin
67
What causes megaloblastic anemia?
Have a blast w/ PMS: | Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs
68
What causes pulm fibrosis?
BLAB: | BLeomycin, Amiodarone, Busulfan
69
What causes acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice?
Erythromycin
70
What causes focal/massive hep necrosis?
liver HAVAc: | Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), Valproic acid, Acetaminophen
71
What causes hepatitis?
INH
72
What causes pseudomembranous colitis?
Clindamycin, amp
73
What causes gynecomastia?
Some Drugs Create Awk Knockers: | Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Alcohol (chronic), Ketoconazole + estrogens
74
What causes hot flashes?
Tamoxifen | Clomiphene (SERM)
75
What causes hyperGlc?
Niacin, tacrolimus (immsupp'n), PIs, HCTZ, ccs's
76
What causes hypothyroidism?
Li, amiodarone, sulfonamides
77
What causes fat redistribution?
Gcc's, PIs
78
What causes gingival hyperplasia?
phenytoin, verapamil
79
What causes gout?
Furosemide Thiazides Niacin Cyclosporine
80
What causes myopathies?
``` Fish N CHIPS Give you myopathies: Fibrates Niacin Colchicine Hydroxychloroquine IFN-a Penicillamine Statins Gcc's ```
81
What causes osteoporosis?
Ccs's, heparin
82
What causes photosensitivity?
SAT for a photo: | Sulfonamindes, Amiodarone, Tetracycline
83
What causes rash (SJS)?
PEC SLAPP causes rash: Pn, Ethosuximide, Carbamazepine Sulfa drugs, Lamotrigine, Allopurinol, Phenytoin, Phenobarbital
84
What causes SLE-like synd?
HIPP to have lupus! | Hydralazine, INH, Procainamide, Phenytoin
85
What causes DI?
Li, demeclocycline
86
What causes Fanconi's synd?
expired tetracycline
87
What causes hemorrhagic cystitis?
Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide (prevent by giving w/ mesna)
88
What causes interstitial nephritis?
Methicillin, NSAIDs, furosemide
89
What causes SIADH?
Carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide
90
What causes cinchonism?
Quinidine, quinine
91
What causes Parkinson-like synd?
Antipsychotics, reserpine (blocks VMAT), metoclopramide (D2 antag, anti-emetic)
92
What causes seizures?
"W/ seizures, I BITE My tongue" | INH, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, Tramadol (opioid for pain), Enflurane (analgesic), Metoclopramide
93
What causes tardive dyskinesia?
Antipsychotics
94
What causes antiM actions all over?
Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, neuroleptics
95
What causes disulfiram-like rxn?
Metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, procarbazine, 1st gen sulfonylureas
96
What causes nephrotox/ototox?
Aminoglycosides, vanc, loop diuretics, cisplatin
97
P450 inducers?
"Momma Barb Steals Phen-phen and Refuses Greasy Carbs Chronically" Modafinil, Barbiturates, St. John's Wort, Phenytoin, Rifampin, Griseofulvin, Carbamazepine, Chronic alcohol use
98
P450 inhibitors?
"MAGIC RACKS in GQ" Macrolides, Amiodarone, Grapefruit juice, INH, Cimetidine Ritonavir, Acute alcohol abuse, Cipro, Ketoconazole, Sulfonamides, Gemfibrozil, Quinidine
99
What are sulfa drugs?
``` P-FACTSSS Probenecid (incr's uric acid excretion in urine) Furosemide Acetazolamide Celecoxib (selec COX-2 inhib) Sulfonamide Abx Sulfasalazine (IBD, RA) Sulfonylureas (DM) ```
100
What are sulfa allergies?
F, UTI, rash, SJS, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hives
101
-navir =
PIs | ex: Saquinavir
102
-azine =
phenothiazine (neuroleptic, antiemetic) | ex: chlorpromazine
103
-etine =
SSRI | ex: Fluoxetine
104
-ipramine =
TCA, also -triptyline | ex: Imipramine, amitriptyline
105
-terol =
b2 agonist | ex: albuterol
106
-tidine =
H2 antag | ex: cimetidine

First Aid Drugs (13 decks)

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