Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

First Aid Drugs > Neuro/Psych > Flashcards

Neuro/Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Methadone =

- used for?

A

long-acting PO opiate

- heroin detox or LT maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Naloxone + buprenorphine =

- used for?

A

opioid inverse agonist + partial agonist
- heroin addiction; long-acting w/ fewer withdrawal sx than methadone; naloxone not active when taken PO so only get w/drawal sx if injected (lower abuse potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Disulfiram =

- used for?

A

inhib’s aldehyde DH

- EtOH addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CNS stimulants =

- mech, clin use

A

methyphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine

  • incr catecholamines at synaptic cleft, esp NE and DA
  • ADHD, narcolepsy, appetite control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Antipsychotics =

  • mech, clin use
  • type of solubility?
  • SEs
  • endo SEs?
  • other SEs
A

haloperidol + “-azines” (trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine, chlorpromazine)

  • block D2 R (incr cAMP)
  • schizophrenia (+ sx), psychosis, acute mania, Tourette’s synd
  • highly lipid soluble -> stored in body fat and slow to be removed from body
  • EPS (extrapyramidal system) SEs (dyskinesias)
  • antag DA -> hyperPRL -> galactorrhea
  • block M R (dry mouth, constipation), block a1 (hypotension), block hist R (sedation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neuroleptic malignant synd =

  • sx?
  • see w/
  • trtmt
A

rigidity, myoglobinuria, autonomic instability, hyperpyrexia

  • FEVER: F, encephalopathy, vitals unstable, elevated NZs, rigidity of m’s
  • antipsychotics (neuroleptics)
  • dantrolene, D2 agonists (bromocriptine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tardive dyskinesia =

- see w/

A

oral/facial movements

- LT antipsychotic use, usu irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extrapyramidal system SEs:

  • seen w/
  • 4 hr/d/wk/mo?
A 
antipsychotic use
4hr - acute dystonia
4d - akathisia (restlessness)
4wk - bradykinesia (parkinsonism)
4mo - tardive dyskinesia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

High potency antipsychotics

- have what SEs?

A

Try to Fly High
Trifluoperazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol
- neuro SEs (EPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Low potency antipsychotics

- have what SEs?

A

Cheating Thieves are low
Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine
- non-neuro SEs (antiACh, antiHist, a1 block effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlorpromazine =

- SE

A

low-potency antipsychotic
- Corneal deposits
non-neuro SEs (antiACh, antiHist, a1 block effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thioridazine =

- SE

A

low-potency antipsychotic
- reTinal deposits
non-neuro SEs (antiACh, antiHist, a1 block effects)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Haloperidol =

- SEs

A

high-potency antipsychotic

- NMS (think: FEVER), tardive dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atyp antipsychotics =

- mech, clin use, tox

A

“-apine” (olanzapine, clozapine, quetiapine) + risperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone

  • ?, varied effects on 5HT2, DA, a- and H1 Rs
  • schizophrenia (+/- sx), bipolar d/o, OCD, anxiety d/o, depression, mania, Tourette’s
  • less EPS and antiACh SEs than typ antipsychotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Olanzapine =

- SE

A

Atyp antipsychotic

- wt gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clozapine =

- SEs

A

Atyp antipsychotic

- wt gain, agranulocytosis (do wk’ly WBC ct), seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ziprasidone =

- SE

A

Atyp antipsychotic

- prolonged QT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lithium

- mech, clin use, tox

A
  • ? inhib PI3 cascade?
  • mood stabilizer for bipolar, blocks relapse and acute manic events, SIADH
  • LMNOP: Li SEs=Movement (tremor), Nephrogenic DI, hypOthyroidism, Preg problems (Ebstein anomaly, malform of great vessels)
    Also: sedation, edema, heart block
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Buspirone

- mech, clin use

A
  • stim’s 5HT1A Rs
  • “I’m anxious that the BUS will be ON time”
    Gen. anxiety d/o, takes 1-2wks to take effect, doesn’t interact w/ EtOH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 types of antidepressants:

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

SSRIs =

- mech, clin use, tox

A

Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram

  • 5HT sp reuptake inhib; take 4-8wks to take effect
  • depression, GAD, panic d/o, OCD, bulimia, social phobias, PTSD
  • fewer than TCAs; GI distress, sex dysfunc, serotonin synd
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Serotonin synd =

- trtmt

A

w/ any drug that incr’s 5HT (MAOIs, SNRIs, SSRIs, TCAs) -> hyperthermia, confusion, myoclonus, CV collapse, flushing, D, seizures
- Cyproheptadine (5HT2 R antag)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SNRIs =

- mech, clin use, tox

A

Venlafaxine, duloxetine

  • inhib 5HT and NE reuptake
  • Depression
  • incr’d BP, also stimulant effects, sedation, N
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fluoxetine =

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Paroxetine =
SSRI
26
Sertraline =
SSRI
27
Citalopram =
SSRI
28
Venlafaxine = | - use for
SNRI | - depression, GAD and panic d/o's
29
Duloxetine = | - use for
SNRI | - depression, DM periph neuropathy, has greater effect on NE
30
TCAs = - mech, clin use, tox - which have more antiACh affects? - which is less sedating but has lower seizure threshold? - how to treat its tox?
"-iptyline or -ipramine" + doxepin + amoxapine - block reuptake of 5HT and NE - major depression, bedwetting (imipramine), OCD (clomipramine), fibromyaligia - sedation, a1-blocking (hypotension, and antiACh SEs) - Tri-C's: Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotox (arrhythmias); also resp dep'n, hyperpyrexia, confusions and hallucinations in old ppl from antiACh - 3* TCAs (amitriptyline) > 2* (nortriptyline) - Desipramine - NaHCO3 for cardiotox
31
MAOIs = - mech, clin use, tox - C/I'd w/?
"MAO Takes Pride In Shanghair" = Tranylcypromine, Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid, Selegiline (selec MAO-B inhib) - ns MAO inhib incr's levels of nt's (NE, 5HT, DA) - atyp dep'n, anxiety, hypochondriasis - HTN crisis (esp when eat Tyr in wine/cheese), CNS stim'n - SSRIs, TCAs, St. John's Wort, meperidine, dextromethophran
32
Bupropion | - mech, clin use, tox
- incr NE and DA (don't know how) - atyp antidepressant, also used for smoking cessation - stim. effects (tachy, insomnia), HA, seizure in bulimics (NO sex SEs :-)
33
Mirtazapine | - mech, clin use, tox
- a2 agonist (incr release of NE/5HT) and 5HT2&3 R antag - atyp antidepressant - sedation (good if you have insomnia), incr'd appetite, wt gain, dry mouth
34
Maprotiline | - mech, clin use, tox
- blocks NE reuptake - atyp antidepressant - sedation, orthostatic hypotension
35
Trazodone | - mech, clin use, tox
- inhib's 5HT reuptake - atyp antidepressant at high doses, so mainly used for insomnia - sedation, N, priaprism, postural hypotension
36
4 atyp antidepressants =
Burpropion, mirazapine, maprotiline, trazodone
37
How do these drugs help glaucoma: - a-agonists - b-blockers - diuretics - cholinomimetics - prostaglandin
- decr aq humor syn via vasoconstriction (thus don't use in closed angle glaucoma!) - decr aq humor syn - (acetazolamide) to decr syn bc no CA - incr aq humor outflow bc contract ciliary m's and open trabecular meshwork (-> miosis) - incr outflow of aq humor (darkens color of iris)
38
Epinephrine for glaucoma | - mech, SE, C/I
a-agonist; decr aq humor syn via vasoconstriction - mydriasis - don't use in closed angle glaucoma!
39
Brimonidine for glaucoma | - mech, SE
a2-agonist; decr aq humor syn | - blurry vision, ocular hyperemia, foreign body sensation, ocular allergic rxns, ocular pruritus
40
Timolol, betaxolol, carteolol - why use for glaucoma?
b-blockers -> decr'd aq humor syn
41
Acetazolamide, why use for glaucoma?
decr aq humor syn via inhibition of CA
42
Pilocarpine, why use for glaucoma? | - SE
cholinomimetic -> incr outflow of aq humor via contraction of ciliary m and opening of trabecular meshwork; use in emergencies bc very effective! - miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary m's)
43
Carbachol, why use for glaucoma? Physostigmine? Echothiophate?
Direct cholinomimetic Indirect Indirect -> incr outflow of aq humor via contraction of ciliary m and opening of trabecular meshwork
44
Latanoprost, why use for glaucoma? | - SE
PGF2a -> incr'd outflow of aq humor | - darkens color of iris (browning)
45
Opioid analgesics - mech, clin use, tox - trt tox w/?
- agonists at opioid Rs (mu=morphine, delta=enkephalin, kappa=dynorphin) -> open K ch, close Ca ch -> decr'd synaptic trans; inhib release of ACh, NE, 5HT, Glu, subP - pain, cough (dextromethorphan), D (loperamide and diphenoxylate), acute pulm edema - addiction, resp dep'n, constipation, miosis (pinpoint pupil), additive CNS depression w/ other drugs - Naloxone or Naltrexone (opioid R antag)
46
Fentanyl =
opioid
47
Codeine =
opioid
48
Heroin =
opioid
49
Methadone =
opioid, for maintenance program for addicts
50
Meperidine =
opioid
51
Dextromethorphan =
opioid, for cough suppression
52
Diphenoxylate =
opioid for D (slows down GI)
53
Loperamide =
opioid for D (slows down GI)
54
Butorphanol | - mech, clin use, tox
- mu-opioid R partial agonist, k-opioid R agonist -> analgesia - severe pain (migraine, labor); less resp dep'n - opioid w/drawal sx if pt also taking full opioid agonist, overdose not easily revered w/ naloxone
55
Tramadol | - mech, clin use, tox
- wk opioid agonist, inhib's 5HT and NE uptake - chronic pain - like other opioids (slows down everything), decr's seizure threshold
56
Phenytoin - mech - 1st line for? - toxicity?
- incr Na ch inact'n (block Na ch's), inhib of Glu release from presyn neuron - tonic-clonic (also carbamazepine and valprioic acid) and prophylaxis of status epilepticus [and IB antiarrhythmic] - BBESST Hirsutism 450! "bl, brain, eyes, SJS, SLE, teratogen, hirsutism, 450" ...nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia bc decr's folate ab'n, teratogenesis, SLE-like synd, induce P450, lymphadenopathy, SJS, osteopenia
57
Carbamazepine - mech - 1st line for? - toxicity?
- incr Na ch inact'n - partial seizures (simple and complex), tonic-clonic (also phenytoin and valproic acid), trigeminal neuralgia - BBB LESS 450: brain, blood, baby, liver, eye, SIADH, SJS, P450 ...diplopia, ataxia, bl dyscrasias (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia), liver tox, teratogenesis, induce P450, SIADH, SJS!!!
58
Lamotrigine - mech, use for? - toxicity?
- blocks V-gated Na ch's - seizures - SJS!!!
59
Gabapentin - mech, use for? - toxicity?
- inhib's high-V-act'd Ca ch's - seizures; ALSO periph neuropathy, postherpatic neuralgia, migraine prophylaxis, bipolar d/o - sedation, ataxia
60
Topiramate - mech, use for? - toxicity?
- blocks Na ch's, incr's GABA action - seizures, migraine prevention - sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, wt gain
61
Phenobarbital - mech - 1st line for? - toxicity?
- incr's GABA-A action - seizures in KIDS! - sedation, tol, dependence, induce P450
62
Valproic acid - mech - 1st line for? - singular use for? - toxicity? - C/I'd in?
- incr Na ch inact'n, incr GABA conc - tonic-clonic (also phenytoin, carbamazepine) - myoclonic seizures - Gi distress, rare/fatal hepatotox (LFTs), tremor, wt gain - preg -> neural tube defects
63
Ethosuximide - mech - 1st line for? - toxicity?
- blocks thalamic T-type Ca ch's - absence seizures - EFGH: Ethosux: Fatigue, GI, HA/hives, PLUS SJS!!!
64
Benzodiazepines (diazepam/lorazepam) - mech - 1st line for? - toxicity?
- incr GABA-A action - acute status epilepticus - sedation, tolerance, dependence
65
Tiagabine | - mech, use for?
- inhib's GABA reuptake | - partial (focal) seizures
66
Vigabatrin | - mech, use for?
- irreversibly inhib's GABA transaminase, incr's GABA | - partial (focal) seizures
67
Levetiracetam | - mech, use for?
- unknwn | - seizures
68
Which epilepsy drugs can cause SJS? | Which induce P450?
- CLEP: Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, ethosuximide, phenytoin | - CyPP: Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
69
Barbiturates - end in? - mech, clin use, tox - overdose trtmt
"-barbital", "-pental" - incr GABA-A action by incr'ing time of Cl- ch open -> decr'd neuron firing [barbiDURates incr DURation] - sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, induction of anesthesia (thiopental) - resp and CV dep'n (can be fatal), CNS dep'n (more w/ EtOH), dependence, induces P450 - supportive, assist resp and maintain BP
70
Difference btwn barbiturates and benzodiazepines MoA?
BarbiDURates keep Cl- ch's open longer, where benzo's open Cl- ch's more often -> help GABA to decr neuron firing
71
Chlordiazepoxide =
benzo (only one that doesn't end in -zepam or -ziolam
72
Short acting benzo's = | - have higher ? potential
TOM: Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam | - addictive
73
What are 3 drugs to bind GABA R and help it?
Benzo's, barbiturates and EtOH | - R is a ligand-gated Cl ch
74
Benzo's - clin use - tox - trt overdose w/?
anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus (lorazepam, diazepam), detox (esp DT in EtOH w/drawal), night terrors, sleepwalking, gen anesthetic (m. relax), hypnotic (insomnia) - dependence, additive w/ EtOH for CNS dep'n - Flumazenil (benzo->frenzo->flumazenil), GABA R antag
75
Zolpidem = | - reverse w/?
nonbenzo hypnotic, for insomnia | - flumazenil
76
Zaleplon = | - reverse w/?
nonbenzo hypnotic, for insomnia | - flumazenil
77
Eszopiclone = | - reverse w/?
nonbenzo hypnotic, for insomnia | - flumazenil
78
Inhaled anesthetics - end in? - effects? - tox?
- flurane + halothane + NO - myocardial/resp dep'n, N/V, incr CeC bl flow (decr CeC metab demand) - malig hyperthermia (except: NO)
79
Halothane = | tox?
inhaled anesthetic | - hepatotox (H=H)
80
Methoxyflurane = | tox?
inhaled anesthetic | - nephrotox (meth+oxy -> junks up bl -> hurts kidney)
81
Enflurane = | tox?
inhaled anesthetic | - proconvulsant (en = in brain -> convulsions)
82
Thiopental = | - used for
IV barbiturate anesthetic | - induce anesthesia for short surgeries
83
PCP = ketamine | - mech, SEs
- block NMDA Rs | - CV stim'n, disorientation, hallucination, bad dreams, incr'd CeC bl flow
84
Propofol = | - mech
IV anesthetic for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures - potentiates GABA-A
85
Local anesthetics - 2 types? - mech - give w/ what to incr effect? - order of sensory loss? - tox
``` esters and amides (have 2 I's in name) (procaine, cocaine, tetracaine); (lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine) - block Na ch's - vasoconstrictors, like EPI - pain > T > touch > P ```
86
Succinylcholine = | - comp's
depol'ing nm blocker (strong ACh R agonist -> depol) | - hyperCa/K, malignant hyperthermia
87
Nondepolarizing nm blockers - end in? - mech?
- curarine, -curium, -curonium | - competitive agonists of ACh -> block R
88
Dantrolene | - mech, clin use
- prevents release of Ca from SR of SkM | - malignant hyperthermia trtmt (SE of inhaled anesthetics), neuroleptic malignant synd
89
Drugs for Parkinson's dz?
BALSA: | Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Levodopa (w/ carbidopa), Selegiline (and COMT inhib's), Antimuscarinics
90
Bromocriptine =
DA agonist (ergot)
91
Pramipexole =
DA agonist (ergot)
92
Ropinirole =
DA agonist (non-ergot, preferred)
93
Amantadine =
incr's DA release (Parkinson's dz) | antiviral for influenza A and rubella
94
L-dopa/carbidopa | - mech, use for, tox
L-dopa Xs BBB -> converted to DA by dopa decarbosylase and incr's DA conc in brain; carbidopa incr's bioavailability of L-dopa in brain and limits periph SEs (is periph decarvoxylase inhib so L-dopa isn't periph'ly act'd to DA) - PD - arrhythmias from incr'd periph formation of catecholamines, LT use -> dyskinesia after administration and akinesia btwn doses
95
Selegiline | - mech, clin use, tox
MAO-B inhib (metab's DA > 5HT,NE; prevents DA brkdown - PD, give as adjunct w/ L-dopa - may enhance adverse effects of L-dopa
96
COMT inhib's - end in - used for
- capone (entacapone, tolcapone) | - prevent L-dopa degradation, incr DA availability, use in Parkinson's dz
97
Benztropine = | - use for
antiM - PD: improves tremor and rigidity, but little effect on bradykinesia "Park your mercedes-BENZ"
98
Memantine | - mech, clin use, tox
- NMDA R antag, helps prevent excitotox from Ca - Alzheimer's dz - dizziness, confusion, hallucinations
99
Donepezil =
AChEI for AD
100
Galantamine =
AChEI for AD
101
Rivastigmine =
AChEI for AD
102
Huntington's drugs work to? | =?
- decr DA, bc low GABA and ACh, but high DA in dz Tetrabenazine, reserpine - inhib VMAT, so limit DA release Haloperidol - DA R antag
103
Sumatriptan | - mech, clin use, tox
5HT(1B/1D) agonist, inhib's trigem n. act'n, prevents vasoactive peptide release, induces vasoconstriction, t1/2s angina), mild tingling

First Aid Drugs (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions