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First Aid Drugs > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Bromocriptine =

- used for

A

DA agonist

- trt prolacintoma (inhib PRL)

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2
Q

Propylthiouracil

- mech, clin use, tox

A
  • blocks TPO -> no organification of I- (to make MIT/DIT), and no T3/T4 syn; also blocks 5’deiodinase (no T4->T3)
  • hyperthyroidism
  • skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, hepatotox
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3
Q

Methimazole

- mech, clin use, tox

A
  • blocks TPO -> no organification of I- (to make MIT/DIT), and no T3/T4 syn
  • hyperthyroidism
  • skin rash, agranulocytosis (rare), aplastic anemia, possible teratogen
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4
Q

Cabergoline =

- use for

A

DA agonist

- trt prolactinoma (inhib PRL)

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5
Q

Demeclocycline

- mech, clin use, tox

A
  • ADH antag (in tetracycline family)
  • SIADH
  • nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnl’ities of bone/teeth
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6
Q

Desmopressin =

- used for

A

ADH analog

- DI (distinguishes central DI from nephrogenic DI bc works in central DI, but not in nephrogenic)

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7
Q

How do you treat nephrogenic DI?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (makes gradient more conc’d so urine will be more conc’d), indomethacin, amiloride

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8
Q

Conivaptan, tolvaptan =

- used for?

A

ADH R antag

- SIADH

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9
Q

Lispro =

A

rapid-acting insulin

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10
Q

Detemir =

A

long-acting insulin

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11
Q

Aspart =

A

rapid-acting insulin

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12
Q

Glargine =

A

long-acting insulin

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13
Q

Glulisine =

A

rapid-acting insulin

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14
Q

NPH =

A

intermediate insulin

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15
Q

Regular insulin =

A

short-acting insulin

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16
Q

Metformin =

  • can be used in pt’s w/ no islet cells?
  • SE?
  • C/I’d in?
A 
biguanide
decr's gluconeogenesis and incr's glycolysis, incr's periph glc uptake (insulin sensitivity)
- yes
- GI upset, lactic acidosis
- renal failure
17
Q

Sulfonylureas =

  • mech
  • use in T1DM?
  • SEs of 1st gen? 2nd gen?
A

1st gen: Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide
2nd gen: Glyburide, Glimepiride, Glipizide
- close K ch in b-cell mem -> depol -> Ca in and insulin release
- no bc need some islet cell func
- 1st gen: disulfiram-like effects; 2nd gen: hypoGlc

18
Q

Tolbutamide =

SE?

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

- disulfiram-like effects

19
Q

Chlorpropamide =

SE?

A

1st gen sulfonylurea

- disulfiram-like effects

20
Q

Glyburide =

SE?

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

- hypoGlc

21
Q

Glimepiride =

SE?

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

- hypoGlc

22
Q

Glipizide =

SE?

A

2nd gen sulfonylurea

- hypoGlc

23
Q

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones (TZDs) =

- mech, SEs

A

Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone

  • bind PPARg nuc trxn regulator -> incr’d insulin sensitivity and incr’d adiponectin
  • wt gain, edema, hepatotox, HF
24
Q

a-glucosidase inhibitors =

- mech, SEs?

A

Acarbose, Miglitol

  • inhib intestinal BB a-glucosidase -> delayed sugar hydrolysis and glc ab’n -> decr’d postprandial hyperGlc
  • GI disturbances
25
Q

Acarbose =

SE?

A

a-glucosidase inhib

- GI disturbances

26
Q

Miglitol =

SE?

A

a-glucosidase inhib

- GI disturbances

27
Q

Pramlintide =

  • mech, SEs
  • use in?
A

amylin analog

  • decr glucagon
  • hypoGlc, N, D
  • T1 or T2 DM
28
Q

GLP-1 analogs =

- mech, SE

A

Exenatide, Liraglutide

  • incr insulin and decr glucagon release
  • N,V, pancreatitis
29
Q

Exenatide =

SE?

A

GLP-1 analog

- N, V, pancreatitis

30
Q

Liraglutide =

SE?

A

GLP-1 analog

- N, V, pancreatitis

31
Q

DPP-4 inhib’s =

- mech, SEs?

A

“-gliptin” (linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin)

  • incr insulin, decr glucagon release
  • mild urinary or resp infec’s
32
Q

Linagliptin =

SE?

A

DPP-4 inhib

- mild urinary or resp infec’s

33
Q

Saxagliptin =

SE?

A

DPP-4 inhib

- mild urinary or resp infec’s

34
Q

Sitagliptin =

SE?

A

DPP-4 inhib

- mild urinary or resp infec’s

35
Q

Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine

- mech, clin use, tox

A
  • T4 replacement
  • hypothyroidism, myxedema
  • tachy, heat intol, tremors, arrhythmias
36
Q

To control uterine hemorrhage, give?

A

oxytocin (contractions)

37
Q

Glucocorticoids =

- mech, clin use, tox

A

Hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone

  • decr’d prod of leukotrienes and PGEs by inhib’ing phospholipase A2 and exp’n of COX-2
  • Addison’s dz, inflamm, imm supp’n, asthma
  • iatrogenic Cushing’s synd, ad insuff when quickly stopped after chronic use

First Aid Drugs (13 decks)

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